Belt of Dex/Con is also really high on the list. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. This answer originally appeared in the 12/4/12 Paizo blog. 5 Ruleset of Dungeons and Dragons. Belt of Physical Might (combinations of 2 stats). Acid x2<In: Belt pouch (41 @ 22 lbs)> 1 lb Alchemist's fire x3<In: Belt pouch (41 @ 22 lbs)> 1 lb Ambrosia<In: Belt pouch (41 @ 22 lbs)> 1 lb Backpack (8 @ 52. You can speak, read, and write Dwarvish. Say he then takes 53 points of damage, leaving him at 2 of 55 HP. to 5:00 p. A Manual of Bodily Health provides an inherent bonus to Con, similar to a Wish spell. Belt of Physical Perfection +6. Honing a blade with a whetstone requires about 15 minutes of work and grants the weapon a +1 bonus on your damage roll the first time you hit with it. We hope it will allow you to better grasp their differences and settle on one that takes your fancy. For example, the wearer can allocate +2 to Constitution or +1 to both Strength and Dexterity. After that: A Kineticist's Diadem will get you some extra d8s of damage on your physical blasts. g. A better idea would to be to make CON important for more things in line with you being really resilient. Prerequisite: Tiefling Fiendish blood runs strong in you, unlocking a resilience akin to that possessed by some fiends. Belt of the Venerated Champion. Charisma is an Attribute in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. ) Contents [ show] Each character has six ability scores that represent his character’s most basic attributes. Constitution: 19. Mallander's Penance is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Six varieties of this belt exist, corresponding with and having rarity according to the six kinds of true giants. Low belt elongation increases productivity and minimizes downtime spent re-splicing grain belting. 1 lbs. Base Attack Bonus: 2/3 BAB. His hit point maximum then increases by 8. You gain 15 temporary Hit Points the first time you invest the belt in a day. Potion of Vitality. I guess you can swap between pierce inertial or other type-specific belts as needed. Only one such demon can be present on the battlefield. Hit Points: Finally!The Monk has normal hit points for a martial character. it just disappears - but you get that transformation very, very late into the game. (The item does not cease functioning if the character receives a Constitution increase caused by level gain, a wish, or the use of a magic. Treat this as a temporary ability. 0. The Skald is a mesh of the Barbarian and the Bard. Those being; Belt/Headband of +x Stat, +x Weapon, +x Armor, Cloak of Resistance +x, Ring of Protection +x, and Amulet of Natural Armor +x. It gains +2 Constitution and +2 Strength, but takes a –2 penalty to its AC. In addition, multiply your total Hit Dice by this bonus and add that amount to your current and total hit points. The spell grants the subject a +4 enhancement bonus to Constitution, which adds the usual. You gain a flavor feat at reaching 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th level. Melee Damage: A classic melee-martial arts fighter, this Monk uses a melee weapon like a staff or a dagger. At level 4 the item is about equivalent to the toughness feat, which is a. where are the dex and str (that are free) Showing 1 - 2 of 2. Noooope, but what you can do is a dip a single level into nature oracle to get dex to cha. The slots are head, headband, eyes, shoulder, neck, chest, body, armor, belt, wrist, hands, ring 1/2, and feet. but here's the belt stats: Embrace of the Faceless - This belt grants the wearer a +2 enhancement bonus to the Constitution score. You have advantage on Charisma (Persuasion) checks made to interact with dwarves. It's not meant to scale or do anything all that much outside of the constraints of an introductory level 1-2 adventure. Value. Your first item should probably be a belt of constitution, or a Belt of Physical Might to buff both con and dex at once. Value. Description This belt has a large platinum buckle and grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to all physical ability scores (Strength, Dexterity, and Constitution) of +2, +4, or +6. Contents 1 Magic belts in Kingmaker 1. The Explorer's Belt from the preorder bonus is not giving the stated +Constitution bonus. 17812. A. Email: [email protected]The item isn't giving any bonuses at all when equipped. It usually bears the image of a lion or other powerful animal. 1 Capacity: 1/5 cubic ft. For the next 24 hours, you regain the maximum number of hit points for any Hit Die you spend. Shaman Spirit Abilities are abilities for the Shaman obtained by choosing the the corresponding Shaman Spirit. It grants a bonus to attack rolls, damage rolls, and the saving throw DCs of your druid and ranger spells. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Neck: This slot consists of amulets, brooches, medallions, necklaces, periapts, scarabs, and other items that can be worn around the neck or fastened to a cloak. The main exception to this rule is dodge bonus from different sources do stack. It is also important for Clerics, since it affects their ability to channel energy. This belt’s golden buckle depicts a bear’s head. Gunslinger’s Dodge (Ex): At 1st level, the gunslinger gains an uncanny knack for getting out of the way of ranged attacks. This sash grants its wearer a +6 enhancement bonus to Dexterity and DR 5/slashing. Slot belt; Price 10,000 gp (+2), 40,000 gp (+4), 90,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. Sell: 625. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. 1 Magic belts in Varnhold's Lot DLC 2 Magic belts in Wrath of the. Pathfinder Adventure Card Game Wiki is a. Use this to copy Form of the Dragon III for 24 hours and gain a 8 size bonus to constitution. Slot belt; Price 4,000 gp (+2), 16,000 gp (+4), 36,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. The spell grants the subject a +2 deflection bonus to AC, with an additional +1 to the bonus for every six levels you have (maximum +5. Is Pathfinder different in this respect from 3. It's not as if this "double dip" comes cost free, either. Each belt armor piece contain its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. Defensive Abilities: A vampire gains channel resistance +4, DR 10/magic and silver, and resistance to cold 10 and electricity 10, in addition to all of the defensive abilities granted by the undead type. The various belts all say that the effect is a temporary bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. 150. Feats often have a number of prerequisites that must be met in order to select them during level ups. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. If the former is true, it seems that 7 constitution at level 1 is the way to go if you want to get the most our of your attribute points ( (or even 5 with a -2 con racial). When you use an action to toss one of these stones into the air, the stone orbits your head at a distance of 1d3 feet and confers a benefit to you. Bonded Mind, ability to share spells with an animal companion, eidolon, familiar, or phantom, caster level 1st. Value. Although otherwise having almost identical Pathfinder rules, DD 3. Belts, Ioun stones, alchemist mutagen, barbarian rage, hunter animal focus, some different things in the pain taster prestige, 6 levels of dragon disiple and kinetisist elemental overflow. Constitution; d20 Modern SRD d20 Modern Homebrew. So you never have to interrupt a game to look up a rule again: My 3. 0a. The Amulet of Mighty Fists is a classic magic item that every animal companion with natural attacks should have. This belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to two physical ability scores (Strength, Dexterity, or Constitution) of +2, +4, or +6. Amulet of Health. Effects. This brown and gray robe is always dirty, and the chest and the back of each shoulder is decorated with a gem-like eye pattern. 210, PRPG Core Rulebook pg. Rare. Face-Stealer's Belt is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. How often a character is allowed to choose a new Feat depends on his Class. They both provide a +2 enhancement bonus to constitution. 6. The belt of physical might is costed at 40,000 gp—16,000 gp for a +4 enhancement bonus to Strength, 16,000 gp for a +4 enhancement bonus to Constitution, and +8,000 gp, 50% of one of the effects, because both effects are on a single item in a single item slot. Corruption Stage 1: Once you feed on an innocent sentient creature, your alignment shifts one step toward evil and spells that detect undead sense you, though the peculiar result they return informs the caster that you’re still a living creature. Fromper. You’ll add the Hit Points from your character’s class (including their Constitution modifier) to this number. Related question that I've wondered before, but never needed to know badly enough to research it (and it's probably covered in Nefreet's link, but I'm too lazy to spend time. Value. This belt grants its wearer +8 enhancement bonuses to Strength, Dexterity, and Constitution ability scores. Weight. DESCRIPTION. Harsh conditions or long exertions do not easily tire you. Price 15,000 gp. 19750. Magic armor must be donned, a shield strapped to the arm, a cloak fastened about the shoulders. Belt of Dwarvenkind. Pathfinder manual constitution. Other options include taking a level of Loremaster for the Secret of Inner Fortitude (+2 to Fort saves, stacks with Great Fortitude). It usually bears the image of a lion or other powerful animal. Warning: beard Slot belt; CL 13th; Weight 4 lbs. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. For example, hiring an NPC spellcaster to cast Enlarge Person followed by Permanency costs you about 3000 gp and is permanent until dispelled, so you can just be Large size all the time. DESCRIPTION. A belt pouch is crafted of soft cloth or leather. Moderate transmutation; CL 8th; Craft Wondrous Item, bear’s endurance; Price 4,000 gp (+2), 16,000 gp (+4), 36,000 gp (+6). Each belt armor piece contain its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. Alchemist Class Features. Amulet of Natural Armor +7. Don't warn me again for Pathfinder: Kingmaker. What you really want is a way to get it without wasting an action at all. Belt of Thunderous Charging. These bonuses are chosen when the belt is created and cannot be changed. Value. I believe Temporary only affects things like skill checks and attack. Belt of Beastly Sturdiness is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. 1 lbs. Whether weapons are used as tools to lay foul monsters low, as the medium for magical enhancements, or as outlets for a host of fundamental class abilities, few heroes head into the field without their favorite—or perhaps even a whole arsenal of their favorites. In total your constitution will improve by an additional 12, for an extra 240 hp. If you spend 48 hours over a period of 6 days or fewer studying the book's contents and practicing its. Value. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. The belt of dwarven kind and the belt of mighty constitution are both belts. For more on calculating Hit Points, see Step 7: Record Class Details, on page 25. This item must be worn for 24 hours to gain the benefits. If your Constitution is 16 or higher without the talisman, you may spend a bonus action to heal yourself for 2d8 + your Constitution modifier. Re: Constitution items. The other curse comes with its normal benefits. Belt of Incredible Dexterity +4 is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Sitting at 8 CON does seem like a bad idea throughout leveling, though maximizing CON through items and bumps for ancestry or background seem rather unnecessary, even for "tank" type characters. This is true for Initiative too: the Warning weapon enchantment is a +5 bonus, the Nerveskitter spell is another +5 bonus, the Improved Initiative feat is a +4 bonus. Alternatively, this amulet can grant melee weapon special abilities, so. Cause she has a +1 enhancement buff running usually from her wizard school specialization, which doesn't stack with belt, being the same type effect. We hope it will allow you to better grasp their differences and settle on one that takes your fancy. Treat this as a temporary ability. Second Edition Rulebooks; Official Digital Toolset; Online System Reference; Downloads; First. If a bag of holding is turned inside out, all of its contents spill out, unharmed, but the bag must be put right before it can be used again. " so you don't accidentally stack things. This tells you how many Hit Points your character gains from their ancestry at 1st level. For martial characters, Shove works great, especially if you have Extra Attack. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. Orisons: Fantastic and versatile. Companion Animal is a Shaman Spirit Ability in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. DESCRIPTION. Long-time players of DnD 3. Artificer’s Lore. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. So 16 Dex. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. +2 Constitution 4,000 gp; +4 Constitution 16,000 gp; +6 Constitution 36,000 gp This belt's golden buckle depicts a bear's head. Belt: Stat belts, at early levels it's good to use Hermit's Robe for +4 WIS if you have Manticore's Claws, so you can use combat helmet. Lizard Tail is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. m. "Off" stats don't seem to be the most beneficial in PF2e, either. One of these curses ( oracle’s choice) never changes its abilities as the oracle gains levels; for example, an oracle with clouded vision never gains darkvision 60 feet, blindsense, or blindsight. You have darkvision out to a range of 60 feet. Description This belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to two physical ability scores (Strength,. Amulet of Quick Draw. This nugget of polished tektite is trapped in a cage of braided wire and hangs from a silken cord. This is part of the Pathfinder Reference Document. If you beat said secret boss on Unfair, it's instead upgraded to a Flawless Belt of Physical Perfection +8. Blood Rage (Ex) When the creature takes damage in combat, on its next turn it can fly into a rage as a free action. Pathfinder Rulebook Subscriber . Bourbon. The wearer also gets a +8 circumstance bonus to AC for the first round of every combat. Aura moderate transmutation; CL 8th; Slot belt; Price 4,000 gp (+2), 16,000 gp (+4), 36,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. Belt of Mighty Constitution +4. Belt of Physical Flow +2. View Cart; Help; Pathfinder . When someone ask me a proper way to use Belt in POE. seems like their was a blow out sale or something I have 4. • You have advantage on Charisma (Persuasion) checks made to interact with dwarves. If you spend 48 hours over a period of 6 days or fewer studying the book's contents and practicing its guidelines, your Constitution score increases by 2, as does your maximum for that score. Constitution also. This belt grants its wearer a +2 enhancement bonus to Constitution and a +2 resistance bonus on saving throws against diseases, fatigue, and exhaustion. The belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Constitution of +2, +4, or +6. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. To upgrade a magic item, pay the difference in price between the new item and the original item. Return to Magic Item List. I guess you can swap between pierce inertial or other type-specific belts as needed. This intricate gold headband is decorated with several small blue and deep purple gemstones. Beginner Box ; Rulebooks . While wearing a healing belt, you gain a +2 competence bonus on Heal checks. Str: As a melee character, strength is the monk’s most important ability. Healing Belt. Some cheap and fairly useful belts include: The Heavyload Belt (For those times when you need to carry your party or that really heavy large object). 2 Update, along with The Lord of Nothing DLC. Temporary increases to your Constitution score give you a bonus on your Fortitude saving throws. The DC of recovery checks is equal to 9 + your dying condition value. Treat the enhancement bonus to Constitution as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is. Usage worn; Bulk —. Constitution Boon, Greater (Grim Alteration) Constitution Boon, Improved (Grim Alteration) Increased Constitution (3. Constitution: Temporary increases to your Constitution score give you a bonus on your Fortitude saving throws. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. View Cart; Help; Pathfinder . Assuming a "tough guy" build, what does Int or Cha get them?Belt of Physical Perfection +4 is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. You have proficiency with artisan’s tools (tinker’s tools). Beginner Box ; Rulebooks . The Difficulty Class for a saving throw against an oracle’s spell is 10 + the spell’s level + the oracle’s Charisma modifier (see. Belts are an armor piece category where the player's characters can equip armor for their waist or torso. Their modifier is +0 for any Constitution-based checks. Belt of Beastly Sturdiness is a magic Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Slot belt; Price 4,000 gp (+2), 16,000 gp (+4), 36,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. Moderate divination; CL 12th; Craft Wondrous Item, tongues, creator must be a dwarf; Price 14,900 gp; Weight 1 lb. It has no effect on you if your Constitution score is already 19 or higher. Belt of Giants Strength: +2, +4, +6 variants Belt of Physical Might:. Aura strong transmutation; CL 12th Slot belt; Price 10,000 gp (+2), 40,000 gp (+4), 90,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. Slot belt; Price 16,000 gp (+2), 64,000 gp (+4), 144,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. The item isn't giving any bonuses at all when equipped. One must be to Constitution or Intelligence, and one is a free ability boost. If living creatures are placed within the bag, they can survive. Bombardier's Utility Belt is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Constitution is hit points, self explanatory. Belt: Stat belts, at early levels it's good to use Hermit's Robe for +4 WIS if you have Manticore's Claws, so you can use combat helmet. Construction. Belts are usually obtained as rewards from. Unless otherwise listed, a belt of mighty constitution is an uncommon item. I thought magic items go on top of that and its just calucation of base HP. Constitution is important to avoid dying, which is always nice. Aura faint evocation; CL 5th; Slot neck; Price 4,000 gp (+1), 16,000 gp (+2), 36,000 gp (+3), 64,000 gp (+4), 100,000 gp (+5); Weight —. Sign In; Carts . TheDuriel • 9 yr. Just saying . You have darkvision out to a range of 60 feet. Many "generic" belts come in various strengths as they are acquired throughout the game. This belt’s golden buckle depicts a bear’s head. In most cases, a magic item that’s meant to be worn can. Some creatures, such as undead and constructs, do not have a Constitution score. This belt is a thick leather affair, often decorated with huge metal buckles. 31250. Beginner Box ; Rulebooks . 6 half orc fighter, I use a spiked chain and am pretty trip focused, my item slots to fill are:. The games are similar to. Pathfinder is taken mainly for autorefilling flasks and elemental immunity though. A Constitution bonus increases a character's hit points, so the ability is important for all classes. Fortunately, Bards can be lawful in Pathfinder. Wondrous item, rare (requires attunement). In addition, whenever the wearer of this belt confirms a critical hit with a natural weapon, the enemy must pass a Will saving throw (DC 28) or become vulnerable to negative energy and unholy damage for 2 rounds. Tavern Brawler. Summoning Spells are generally not worth the slot until you have 4-5 levels minimum under your belt (for practical purposes Summon Monster I and II are not worth preparing). Back to Main Page → Pathfinder Open Game Content. 40 Books, 30 Bucks Pathfinder Legendary Games MEGA-BUNDLE is BACK for November! Save over 90% on an array of LEGENDARY adventures and accessories, bringing you adventures ranging from 1st level to 14th level, monsters from measly minions to mighty menaces, magic items from common everyday treasures to mighty artifacts, ready-to-use. The belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Constitution of +2, +4, or +6. This belt of Constitution +4 also grants its wearer a +4 competence bonus to CMB on Bull Rush and Overrun. This belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to two physical ability scores (Strength, Dexterity, or Constitution) of +2, +4, or +6. While wearing a healing belt, you gain a +2 competence bonus on Heal checks. Value. Increase your maximum Hit Points by your level. You have advantage. You have advantage. 1 lbs. Unchained Monk Class Features. 1 When made for Medium characters. Belt of Giant StrengthConstitution is is an ability score in Pathfinder: Kingmaker. The moon sickle is a unique weapon offered in Tasha's Cauldron of Everything . It also grants the wearer a +4 enhancement bonus to Wisdom. Damage and Support: A damage-per-second (DPS) Monk that assists the healer with some handy unique abilities. Belt of Physical Might +4 is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. So 16 Dex. Belt of Physical Form +6 is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. I prefer to give her +Con belts before I start getting +Dex&Con ones, because otherwise she gets tired from travelling way sooner than any other party member, which is inconvenient. A potent aid for all spell-casting heroes!The item isn't giving any bonuses at all when equipped. Belts are usually obtained as rewards from. When someone ask me a proper way to use Belt in POE. For the first 24 hours, the bonus is considered to be a temporary bonus, not an enhancement bonus. Second Edition Rulebooks; Official Digital Toolset; Online System Reference; Downloads; First. So that belt contains very little conectration of Pathfinders inside ^^. You can speak, read, and write Dwarvish. By clicking View Page, you affirm that you are at least eighteen years old. Each belt armor piece contain its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. Cloak of Mysterious Emergence (DMagic). It's not bugged per se. 5e Feat) 3. Dexterity - yes, some would be nice. Shown here is a nice chart explaining it. 20250. Orisons: Fantastic and versatile. Whenever the wearer is attacked, the enemy has to pass a Reflex saving throw (DC 20) or suffer -10 penalty on damage rolls for 1 round. Description This belt’s golden buckle depicts a bear’s head. On a successful save, a creature permanently increases its lowest ability score by 1, randomly choosing among equally low scores. Class overview:. Bonuses of the same type usually don't stack. The tensile force required to break a 48 in. I prefer to give her +Con belts before I start getting +Dex&Con ones, because otherwise she gets tired from travelling way sooner than any other party member, which is inconvenient. The belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Constitution of +2, +4, or +6. chain shirt is the armor slot bodywrap is the body slot, seperate however you want to view that. Craft (Int) You are skilled in the creation of a specific group of items, such as armor or weapons. " so you don't accidentally stack things. Each skill is keyed to one of your character's ability scores and used for an array of related actions. Constitution dependant (alternative class feature, Orc witch) use constitution for DC, highest spells known (not bonus spells),. Aura faint transmutation; CL 5th; Slot hands; Price 15,000 gp; Weight —. If your Strength is already equal to or greater than the belt's score, the item has no effect on you. • Your Constitution score increases by 2, to a maximum of 20. Constitution is not a "Useful" ability score, no. The various belts all say that the effect is a temporary bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. but it also means that there will be a lot of wizards with 18 Constitution at high levels. This belt’s golden buckle depicts a bear’s head. 40 ft. Whenever an ally in a 20 feet area of the wearer lands a killing blow, this belt of Constitution +4 makes the wearer's next spell extended as though using the extend. Clasp of Death is a Belt in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Example: Mark’s character is constructing a house, and he wants to acquire 1 point of Labor, which he plans to spend on the house’s construction requirements. A Constitution bonus increases a character's hit points, so the ability is important for all classes. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. The belt grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Constitution of +2, +4, or +6. BIDEN JR. 19750. 1 lbs. In addition, this belt increases the critical range of the wearer's weapon by 1. Face-Stealer’s Belt: This is an intermediate step of relic creation. Content posted in this community. Sign In; Cart . DESCRIPTION. A magic item meant to be worn must be donned in the intended fashion: boots go on the feet, gloves on the hands, hats and helmets on the head, and rings on the finger. Without a doubt, weapons number among adventurers’ most coveted possessions. Focus and kill him to acquire Belt of Mighty Constitution +4, Amulet of Natural Armour +2, Ring of Protection +2, and 2x Mind Blank scrolls. Just reread the text and. AC. Hi all, im really excited to be able to hit this belt in temp league. This belt functions as a plague rat belt, except it grants the wearer a +2 enhancement bonus to Dexterity and Constitution. For example, when Bruenor reaches 8th level as a fighter, he increases his Constitution score from 17 to 18, thus increasing his Constitution modifier from +3 to +4. 2500. Their modifier is +0 for any Constitution-based checks. The belt category includes belts, scabbards and other items worn on or around the waist. Sign In; Cart . Beast. The Ranger is skilled martial character sharing elements of the Fighter and the Rogue with some nature elements, capable of filling several roles within the party. Dex: With only medium armor, you want enough AC to keep yourself alive, and Bloodragers have poor Reflex saves. These are items that can be worn in the belt slot of the character inventory. The amulet grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Constitution of +2, +4, or +6. These bonuses are chosen when the belt is created and cannot be changed. Belt of Giant StrengthAs a player of multiple Kineticists, I will that most Kineticists do want Cloak/Amulet/Ring of Resistance/Protection. ago. If the wizard wears the belt and has their HP increased, then yes (assuming that the wizard does not take off the belt or otherwise have its function negated). If the wearer is not a dwarf, he gains 60-foot darkvision, dwarven stonecunning, a +2 enhancement bonus to Constitution, and a +2 resistance bonus on saves against poison, spells, or spell-like effects.