Pompholyx eczema cks. 2007;143(12):1504-1508 (2) Dinulos JG, Zembovicz A. Pompholyx eczema cks

 
2007;143(12):1504-1508 (2) Dinulos JG, Zembovicz APompholyx eczema cks  Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London, W1T 5HQ | admin@bad

Pompholyx eczema can coexist Pompholyx eczema — blisters may develop on hands and feet. Treatment Any obvious. Established treatments, both. Eczema (also termed eczematous dermatitis) has many causes, but the most common is atopic dermatitis due to a lifelong inherited genetic predisposition to allergens. For this reason. Types of eczema. J invest dermatol. Sekitar 50 persen penderita juga memiliki dermatitis atopik, atau riwayat keluarga dermatitis atopik. Read into that what you will but it saved me from getting Dermy's script filled for the strongest topical steroid available. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1718-1724 (3) Coenraads P. It most often occurs in young adults but can occur at any age. Eyelid eczema is common in adults with eczema elsewhere on the face. Emollients prevent the skin from becoming dry and help to protect the skin from irritants. Eyelid eczema is common in adults with eczema elsewhere on the face. The second in GP and hospital practitioner Dr Andy Jordan's series on differentiating two often similar-looking skin conditions Both pompholyx eczema and palmoplantar pustulosis can cause an acute vesico-pustular eruption on. Acute pompholyx is an episodic form of eczema affecting the palms and soles with bullae formation, which frequently becomes infected. 6%); 5% of cases exhibited erythroderma. The region is a warm, moist place, making it the perfect breeding ground for infections and rashes. The itchy, inflamed, dry, scaling skin of eyelid eczema is particularly. Higgins E. Certain acidic foods can be harmful, also you'll avoid excessive hand-washing. Pompholyx. A variant of. Gravitational eczema. dust mites. Hand eczema (hand dermatitis) is a common form of eczema that can start in childhood as part of an in-built (genetic) tendency to eczema, but is commonest in teenagers and adults. Hand dermatitis. Contact dermatitis: This form of eczema, also called allergic contact dermatitis, is brought on by environmental triggers. You can also soak your hands and feet in this solution for the same duration. Contact allergic dermatitis can occasionally cause blistering. Diprosalic ® ointment is effective for erythema with scale. The most common symptoms of dyshidrotic eczema include: Small, firm blisters on the sides of your palms, fingers and soles. Rashes may show as raised, red, or bumpy, varying with skin tone. Granuloma gluteale infantum. It should be treated as soon as possible to avoid complications. 15. I posted pictures on here after it all healed. That’s a lot of information to keep up with, even for an excellent Pompholyx Eczema doctor. 2007;127:1568-1570Eczema herpeticum is a rare and serious skin infection caused by one of the herpes viruses. DermNet NZ. Introduction. Pompholyx can sometimes be confused with similar-looking conditions. The blisters are small — about the width of a standard pencil lead. Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects 4% of the adult population and is more common in men than women. If a person presents with mild eczema (or an acute flare of mild eczema): Prescribe appropriate treatment. On brown and black skin they may look dark reddish-brown. The small blisters characteristic of pompholyx are itchy and painful. Usually the condition starts on the. This causes warm, red, itchy, and often swollen legs. The CKS provides evidence-based guidance on diagnosis, management, and prescribing of eczema - atopic. 62% of the eczema flares occurred after the first Ig course. Preexisting allergies: people with allergies are more likely to have dyshidrotic eczema than those without allergies. Day 8 - My right palm, mostly peeled. It usually starts with an intense itching, and later gives way to the oozing and blistering. doi: 10. A 3-year causative study of pompholyx in 120 patients. Apart from eczema, there are a number of conditions that can cause the scalp to become dry and itchy (for example, psoriasis, fungal. The skin, particularly the skin around your ankle, may feel. Examples include dribble rash, napkin dermatitis, housewife’s eczema, ring dermatitis; Interdigital dermatitis, also called the ‘sentinel sign ’, is regarded as an early stage of irritant contact dermatitis affecting the hands. Irritant contact dermatitisDiscoid eczema symptoms. J invest dermatol. 1/2: If you have other children with eczema, asthma or hay fever or if both parents have eczema, asthma or hay fever. Dyshidrotic eczema or palmoplantar pompholyx has also been described as a rarer variant of such eczematous phenotypes. The affected skin may be red and tender from time to time, and. Atopic eczema: can affect the hands and may be dry/scaly or wet/weepy; Pompholyx: usually presents periodically with intensely itchy vesicles that predominate on the palms and sides of fingers. Flexural eczema describes the location where an. Triggers, like. Pompholyx is a vesicobullous disorder of the palms and soles. American Academy of Dermatology. Frequent contact with degreasing agents can remove the natural oils of the skin, leaving it dry and cracked, and causing an irritant contact dermatitis. In the UK, TS are available in four different strengths, called mild, moderate, potent and very. Between 10 and 30 percent of kids get it. In rare cases, eczema is directly caused by exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight). Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to soothe and hydrate it. Diagnosis is based on characteristic. Eczema (also termed eczematous dermatitis) has many causes, but the most common is atopic dermatitis due to a lifelong inherited genetic predisposition to allergens. What is pompholyx? Pompholyx comes from the Greek word for bubble. Pompholyx, or dyshidrotic eczema, is a chronic dermatitis that mainly affects the hands and, less frequently, the feet. When it appears on the legs, it can be linked to poor blood. 1. Cold compresses can help relieve the itching and/or burning sensation caused by eczema. With crawling, the extensor aspects of the elbows and wrists, knees and ankles are affected. − management has not controlled the eczema satisfactorily according to child, parent or carer e. Eczema is a condition causing skin inflammation. Carry a bottle of moisturizers in your pocket and apply it immediately after each hand washing. Housewife's dermatitis. For more information, see the CKS topics on Melanoma and pigmented lesions and Skin cancers - recognition and referral. In pale skin, the rash looks red. Redness is not usually present. Morphologic switch from psoriasiform to eczematous dermatitis after anti-IL-17 therapy: a case series. Allergies to things in the air - such as pollen or animal hair. The symptoms usually last 2 to 3 weeks at a time. Then by chance a week on Doxycycline for ?SIBO prescribed by Gastroenterologist cleared up the persistent severe Pompholyx eczema on hands. So, the main role of emollients is to prevent eczema from flaring up. A 3-year causative study of pompholyx in 120 patients. Abnormal vein function such as this is known as ‘venous insufficiency’. Pompholyx eczema is diagnosed by its appearance during clinical examination by a dermatologist. Abrocitinib. The most important step is to get a proper diagnosis. Lippincote Posts: 7,123. J invest dermatol. . JAMA Dermatol. J invest dermatol. Scroll through evidence-based information on dermatological diseases (skin conditions), procedures, and treatments. I posted pictures on here after it all healed. It accounts for 5-20% of the causes of DE [ 1 ]. The recommended first-line (basic) treatments for most cases of eczema are emollients and topical steroids. Eczema Types: Dyshidrotic Eczema Diagnosis and Treatment. The main treatments for atopic eczema are: emollients (moisturisers) – used every day to stop the skin becoming dry. The symptoms usually last 2 to 3 weeks at a time. The skin may also look 'rusty' or brown in colour. People should still be able to receive emollients on prescription for long-term skin conditions like eczema. Dyshidrosis is a type of dermatitis that is characterized by itchy blisters on the palms of the hands and bottoms of the feet. However, this skin disorder is linked to other types of eczema, like atopic dermatitis. Typically, inflamed areas of dry skin tend to flare up from time to time and then tend to settle down. Earlier it was thought that, this skin disorder is caused by excessive sweating. It is a dermatitis or eczema of unknown aetiology, characterised by an itchy vesicular eruption of the hands, fingers and soles of the feet. 5. Pompholyx (also called dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema that affects the hands or feet. Use a mild, unscented hand cream several times a day. The word eczema comes from the Greek word “ekzein”, which means “to boil. Arch Dermatol. 5%), with cosmetic and hygiene products as the main factor (31. Lai F. Brigante9 · 10/06/2023 20:53. Symptoms include red, rough, itchy bumps that can crop up anywhere on your body. It is thought that stress, sensitivity to metal compounds (such as nickel, cobalt or chromate), Hand eczema factsheet National Eczema Society Helpline: 0800 448 0818 Email: helpline@eczema. The skin gets flaky and scaly. Acute eczema (flares) varies in appearance, from poorly demarcated redness to fluid in the skin (vesicles), scaling, or crusting of the skin. Unlike contact dermatitis, which mainly affects the dorsal surface of the hands, this condition affects the volar and lateral. To work effectively, they need to be used alongside. 3% plantar. Methods: A literature search was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE. Its causes aren’t clear, but triggers can include very dry or sensitive skin and trauma to the skin from insect bites, scrapes or chemical burns. New treatment options for cheiropompholyx, a chronic relapsing inflammatory vesicobullous skin disease of the hands and feet belonging to the spectrum of eczema, are discussed, with among the recent developments, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) and botulinum toxin A (BTXA) seem to be effective against pomPHolyx. Eczema (also known as dermatitis) is a dry skin condition. There are infantile and adult forms of seborrhoeic dermatitis. weepy and painful. It is also known. In most cases, eczema refers to atopic dermatitis, an allergic reaction that affects the skin. emollients, which soothe, protect and moisturise the skin. It is characterized by deep-seated lesions ranging from small vesicles to large, tense bullae clinically and by spongiotic vesicles histologically. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the. Hand dermatitis may be a short-lived, transient problem. There are different types of eczema, all of which can vary from mild to severe. This describes a vesicular pattern of eczema affecting the skin of the hands - cheiropompholyx - and occasionally, the feet - cheiropodopompholyx. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1718-1724 (3) Coenraads P. It may also keep coming back – often in the same area that was affected. J invest dermatol. Oral corticosteroids will have an immediate impact on the eczema and make them feel better, but they are for exceptional use and cannot be prescribed very often. Pompholyx eczema is a condition in which small blisters develop on the hands and feet. Dyshidrotic Eczema Symptoms. The most common site is the shins, but asteatotic eczema may occur elsewhere including upper limbs and trunk. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1718-1724 (3) Coenraads P. Wet hands: frequently damp hands can trigger the rash. I get it between my fingers (and sometimes toes) every time there's a major temperature shift - so, spring and autumn. Pompholyx Pompholyx, also known as dyshidrotic or vesicular palmar eczema, refers to acute, chronic or relapsing blistering of the fingers, palms and/or soles. In severe cases, the blisters may be quite large and may spread to the backs of the hands, feet and limbs. It most often affects children who have eczema. It is not contagious so you cannot catch it from someone else. However, 'dermatitis' means inflammation. May need to useIntroduction. Crops of irritable deep-seated vesicles are followed by scaling and fissuring of the affected areas and may be complicated by Staphylococcus aureus. Background: Pompholyx is a chronic. My hands bubbled up in blisters which was very itchy. In pompholyx group, lesions were 62. Fixed drug eruption. Confusion can arise due to the way that eczema is classified, which is done partly using the most promi-nent clinical features (eg lichen simplex, pompholyx) and partly using the aetiology (eg atopic, contact irri-tant, contact allergic). You can see the border of the peeled region, with brighter red skin in the peeled region and duller/darker skin that is yet to peel. On brown and black skin they may look dark reddish-brown. Pompholyx: These present as deep-seated vesicles on the palms and rarely soles that tend to recur. Pompholyx eczema is often observed in warm climates during summer and spring. Pompholyx eczema, also known as dyshidrotic eczema, is a chronic variant of eczema that gets its name from the Greek word for bubble due to its most commonplace symptom, blistering. They are grouped in clusters and can look like tapioca. It is characterized by the onset of small blisters filled with fluid and an inflammation. Apply aloe vera gel multiple times per day for the first few days after you notice redness and irritation on your hands or feet. Orf — a viral infection occurring most commonly in people with contact with sheep or goats. Unlike cosmetic moisturisers, they are unperfumed and do not have ‘anti-ageing’ additives. Granuloma gluteale infantum. org 2 3 heat and sweating can aggravate this. Pompholyx (also called dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema that affects the hands or feet. [] The index was found to be a simple standardized method for assessing the condition and was used to assess. Pompholyx usually starts as intense itching and burning of the skin on the hands and fingers. Atopic eczema is a dry skin condition that may be red, sore and dry. March 2018. Episodes of infected eczema usually co-exist with a flare and will require concomitant treatment at the appropriate treatment step. rubbing. Earlier it was thought that, this skin disorder is caused by excessive sweating. Treatments are given 2-3 times a week for 12-16 weeks. Pompholyx (also called dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema that affects the hands or feet. Dyshidrotic eczema has been associated with other skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis. Diagnosis is based on characteristic. aureus. It can be caused by stress, metal compounds, heat and sweating. Contact allergic dermatitis can occasionally cause blistering. Eczema is a common skin condition with multiple clinical patterns, characterised histologically by a spongiotic tissue reaction pattern. The etiology of pompholyx is thought to be multifactorial and is. If your baby suffers from eczema, consult with a pediatric. Inflamed skin can look red on white skin, and darker brown, purple or grey on brown and black skin. Helpline: 0870 241 3604 Site Web: Pompholyx. It is an intraepidermal spongiosis of the thick epidermis in which accumulation of edema causes the formation of small, tense,. Children aged 8 to 11 years — may. Psoriasis; NICE CKS, September 2022 (UK access only) Palmoplantar Pustulosis, DermNet NZ. When the affected region is restricted primarily to the hands (fingers and palm) and less. 3% palmoplantar, 16. org. Suggested by a painful wheal of 2–3. It is a self-limited condition usually lasting a few weeks. If a child has moderate to severe atopic eczema, they may have red patches of skin. 33-31 ). Hand eczema may be short-lived, however, in some people it. 2007;127:1568-1570 On DermNet NZ. Fifty percent (50%) of people with pompholyx have atopic eczema as well, or a family history of atopic eczema. It is common and can be localised to one area of your body such as your hands or armpits, or generalised, affecting the face and body. So, the main role of emollients is to prevent eczema from flaring up. If there’s anything you are unsure about, talk to your health visitor or GP, and there’s always the NES Helpline on 0800 448 0818. Natural Remedies For Pompholyx Eczema. The fastest and the safest way to get cured of Dyshidrotic Eczema symptoms permanently. It most often affects children who have eczema. Eczema herpeticum is also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption because it was initially described by Kaposi in 1887, who thought it resembled. Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema and tends to run in families. Treating the symptoms. There is a thick, overlying stratum corneum, characteristic of palms and soles. On white skin the patches look red or pink. Nail eczema can cause pitting in the nails (dents that look like your nail was poked by an icepick), and requires treatment to avoid worsening of the. Female genital eczema can be very uncomfortable. [1 2]Although the exact cause is unknown, the factors responsible for the occurrence or worsening of these. All the skin on my feet fell off, it was very raw. The recommended first-line (basic) treatments for most cases of eczema are emollients and topical steroids. A dry layer of bandage is then placed over the wet layer. Pompholyx is a common eruption of small vesicles on the palms, soles, and/or lateral aspects of the fingers. Hyperhidrosis can be primary (no cause identified) or secondary (an underlying cause identified). 0% of pompholyx. Pompholyx eczema is a condition in which small blisters develop on the hands and feet. See the CKS topics on Cellulitis - acute, Impetigo, and Eczema- atopic for management information. Babies and eczema Baby with eczema Eczema is not unusual in babies, but there is a lot of conflicting advice out there. It can affect your palms, the sides of your fingers, and the soles of your feet. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1718-1724 (3) Coenraads P. Oral steroids (Prednisolone) Prednisolone is the most common oral steroid (not to be confused with topical steroids or anabolic steroids) used in the UK. Some people only have small patches of dry skin, but others may experience widespread inflamed skin all over the body. The condition may be induced by a wide range of external and. It can affect people of any age, but it's most often seen in adults under 40. It is very common on the cheeks and chin, especially in infants. Pompholyx eczema. 1 A common form of eczema is dyshidrosis eczema, also known as pompholyx. Easy. Cold therapy can also reduce the inflammation of the blisters and help numb the irritated nerve endings with generate pain. Prescribe generous amounts of emollients, and advise frequent and liberal use. Atopic eczema causes the skin to become itchy, dry, cracked and sore. He is also highly rated in 21 other conditions, according to our data. It is most effective if used at night under occlusion eg cotton gloves for the hands and socks for the feet (see below) Very thick scale on the feet can be treated by higher strengths of urea (eg Flexitol 25% ® Urea Heel Balm; various 20% urea products can be purchased online) should. 0%); allergic contact pompholyx (67. Pompholyx comes from the Greek word for bubble. Overview. Paste bandages for eczema come impregnated with ingredients that soothe the itch and calm irritation. The symptoms usually last 2 to 3 weeks at a time. Dyshidrotic eczema can also begin earlier or later. It is also known as polymorphous light eruption, sun allergy, sun poisoning, prurigo aestivalis, summer eruption/prurigo, or eczema solare. The condition causes highly pruritic vesicles to form on the palms and. 019) were more frequently associated with pompholyx. Vesicular hand dermatitis. Prescribe flucloxacillin with caution in people with: Hepatic impairment (especially if they are 50 years of age or older, or have a serious underlying disease). Introduction. The cause is unknown, but many people living with the condition also have. 20642293. Intensely itchy crops of skin-coloured blisters arise on the palms and. Just natural Homeopathy medicines custom-made for your for faster recovery, Usually, we see a cure in 12-18 months, rarely requiring 24 months. Hand dermatitis. Approach Considerations. Dry air and ointments can also trigger baby eczema. Dyshidrotic eczema (aka pompholyx) is often the culprit behind those fluid-filled bubbles. Pompholyx alias eksim dishidrotik harus ditangani dengan benar agar tidak menimbulkan infeksi bakteri. Erythema multiforme (EM) is a skin condition considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to infections or drugs [ 1] . The face is commonly affected in babies with atopic eczema. dust mites. Avoiding what triggers the blisters helps to reduce flare-ups. Wonsock Shin is an Internal Medicine doctor in Vienna, Virginia. For acute hand eczema, the basic topical therapy should have drying, astringent, and antibacterial effects which are achieved by Condy's baths and soaks whereas, in subacute hand eczema, the basic topical therapy should have anti-inflammatory. Injections of botulinum toxin where you have dyshidrotic eczema. Inflammation can cause swelling, especially around the eyelids. It presents as a dermatological eruption featuring iris or target lesions, although other forms of skin lesion can occur - hence the name. Sedating-type antihistamines may be useful in helping with sleeping at night (they do not help the itch in eczema). Case 32-2008 - A 10-Year-Old Girl with Recurrent Oral Lesions and Cutaneous Bullae. 2165/11533250-000000000-00000. The common exacerbating factor is irritation, as seen in frequent hand washing, hyperhidrosis, and stress. Each affected nail fold is swollen and lifted off the nail plate. Eczema affects more than 31 million people in the U. Incontinence-associated dermatitis. Advise of dermatologist first as infection control, then to aid the steroid to soak into the skin and protect my skin from things I touch. The most common sites for nickel dermatitis are the earlobes (from earrings), the wrists (from a watch strap) and the lower abdomen (from. Some people also have a combination of pompholyx eczema and other types. This type of eczema can lead to the formation of fluid-filled blisters. Dyshidrotic eczema may be acute, recurrent, or chronic, and it affects teenagers and adults. Overview. Pompholyx comes from the Greek word for bubble. Case 32-2008 - A 10-Year-Old Girl with Recurrent Oral Lesions and Cutaneous Bullae. If these aren't enough, other treatments include. In affected individuals, dermatitis (also called eczema) develops in places where nickel-containing metal is touching the skin. 1/10: If neither of the parents nor any other of their children has eczema, asthma or hay fever. " Hormone changes that occur in pregnancy inevitably affect the skin. Dyshidrosis, also called dyshidrotic eczema or pompholyx, may be a clinical phenotype of AD that manifests as vesicles and blisters on the palms and soles; it accounts for <10% of all cases of hand and foot dermatitis 35 (Figures 2f, ,6). Dry, cracked skin that appears as blisters fade. Dyshidrosis. Hand dermatitis. It is a vesiculobullous disorder of the hands and soles. Very difficult. Kondisi ini berupa ruam lepuhan kecil berisi cairan yang muncul di telapak tangan hingga di sepanjang sisi jari. Linear nigra - darkening of a vertical band of skin down the midline of the abdomen. Atopic eczema causes the skin to become itchy, dry, cracked and sore. All have slightly different symptoms. chloasma) - in approximately 70% of women, especially those of dark complexion,. The condition may be acute, intermittent, or chronic. I was then told the allergic reaction can develop for up to 72 hours. Psoriasis is extensive, for example, more than 10% of the body surface area is affected. It is often confused with other skin infections. The symptoms last for 2-3 weeks. 2007;143(12):1504-1508 (2) Dinulos JG, Zembovicz A. 2165/11533250-000000000-00000. Eczema can affect any area of skin, including the eyelids and around the eyes. Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (also known as ‘seborrhoeic eczema’) is a common skin condition seen in infants, which appears before the age of 3 months and usually resolves by 6-12 months. This can occur on the palms and fingers in the hand and the soles of the feet. 2007;143(12):1504-1508 (2) Dinulos JG, Zembovicz A. 2007;127:1568-1570Pompholyx: a review of clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management. It can affect large areas of the body or limbs. 38, 3. Approach Considerations. 7%). Use the steroid cream as prescribed in addition to that. Dyshidrotic eczema — also known as pompholyx, dyshidrosis, or palmoplantar eczema — is a skin condition in which blisters develop on the soles of your feet or the palms of your hands and fingers. 1 A common form of eczema is dyshidrosis eczema, also known as pompholyx. conditions. Lichen planus — may present in the mouth with painful erosive lesions (Whickman striae). Pompholyx eczema is also known as dyshidrotic eczema. Also discuss that poorly managed atopic eczema can have a significant impact on psychosocial well-being. Again this was only after the vesicles had burst and my skin was in the cracking/red raw stage. However, this skin disorder is linked to other types of eczema, like atopic dermatitis. While typical in small children, it can occur at any age. Dyshidrotic eczema can also be a lifelong, debilitating disease. Eczema herpeticum affects people with atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases. Asteatotic eczema is a common type of dermatitis that occurs as a result of dry skin. We describe a 43-year-old woman presenting with peripheral sensory neuropathy who developed pompholyx eczema on both palmsEczema is actually a term for a group of conditions that cause itchy, red, and inflamed skin rashes. They're tiny blisters that come up on the soles of your feet and palms of your hands, intensely itchy and once burst the skin goes all weirdly stretchy (even for us) and eventually dries right out. July 2014. The second in GP and hospital practitioner Dr Andy Jordan's series on differentiating two often similar-looking skin conditions Both pompholyx eczema and palmoplantar pustulosis can cause an acute vesico-pustular eruption on hands and feet. Eczema can affect the entire ear including the earlobes. Find out the possible causes, such as pompholyx eczema,. Atopic eczema: can affect the hands and may be dry/scaly or wet/weepy; Pompholyx: usually presents periodically with intensely itchy vesicles that predominate on the palms and sides of fingers. Eczema is the term for a group of skin conditions that cause irritated, red, and itchy skin. Once they dry up and peel, the skin underneath may be red and sensitive. Housewife's dermatitis. However, the underlying etiology is unknown. Abnormal vein function such as this is known as ‘venous insufficiency’. The guidance does not prevent GPs from prescribing emollients based on clinical need, in accordance with their professional duties. Discoid eczema is more common in the cold winter months, when our skin is exposed to central heating, dry air (low humidity) and fan heaters, which all dry the skin. Symptoms include: Deep-seated vesicles (small, fluid-filled bumps) Red, inflamed skin. H. 199 Of unknown etiology, it is characterized by deep-seated, variously inflammatory lesions that range from tapioca-like vesicles to large, tense bullae ( Figs 3. Last revised in October 2023. The symptoms usually last 2 to 3 weeks at a time. Dyshydrotic eczema (pompholyx). In this series Eczema Triggers and Irritants Emollients and Eczema Creams Topical Steroids for Eczema Discoid Eczema Pompholyx Eczema Herpeticum. 3. It should be treated as soon as possible to avoid complications. N. This is to show that the peeling skin is not flaky, dry, or thin.