Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, which have cell bodies in the brainstem and spinal cord, are the source of all parasympathetic outflow. mal_comp Plus. The interneurons have been shown to contain a variety of transmitters, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and a number of neuropeptides. the parasympathetic fibers of the ___nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision. 36)Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons. Smooth muscle b. in the peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerve ganglia contain the cell bodies of cranial nerve neurons. So the correct option is E. It is connected by nerve fibers to the. C. 2). 8 terms. Learning Objectives. a. a) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors b) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons c) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons d) the cell bodies of motor neurons Autonomic ganglia contain cholinergic synapses that either relay the central (preganglionic) signal directly to the target organ or, in other pathways, integrate central and peripheral inputs to provide control of visceral targets. Visceral organs and structures maintain a base level of function without innervation. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors. the cell bodies of motor neurons. Autonomic ganglia contain A. 14. After the synapse in the autonomic ganglion, the second fiber is referred to as the postganglionic fiber as it passes to the effector organ, in this case cardiac or smooth muscle, glands or gastrointestinal neurons. 3 and 34. a knot or knotlike mass; in anatomic nomenclature, a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central. Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called. Three of the cranial nerves also contain autonomic fibers, and a fourth is almost purely a component of the autonomic system. E- ganglionic autonomic motor neuron. Otic Ganglion - Parasympathetic Roots. True b. Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. Axons called postganglionic; begin at autonomic. Howe. After emerging from the vertebral column the spinal nerves split into rami. Parasympathetic ganglia of the head (ciliary (CN III)). Defects in sensory and autonomic ganglia and absence of locus coeruleus in mice deficient for the homeobox gene Phox2a. Dorsal root ganglia (a. Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and in the lateral portion of the anterior gray horns of spinal segments S2-S4. A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons B) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors C) the cell bodies of motor neurons D) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons . fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing from structures called. another name for the ANS is the. sympathetic and parasympathetic. 34)Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons. The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons B) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons C) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors D). Many of the sympathetic neurons that exit the spinal cord below the diaphragm do not synapse in the sympathetic chain of ganglia. Autonomic ganglia contain Select one: a. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies found throughout the body. Autonomic nAChRs that contain α7 subunitAs mentioned above, the contribution of α7 subunits in chick ciliary ganglion is much higher than that of any other nAChR subunit. • The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons lie in the Inferior salivatory nucleus in the Medulla. autonomic ganglia contain. The oculomotor fibers initiate pupillary constriction, whereas the facial and glossopharyngeal fibers both initiate. Has two. By Perrine Juillion / July 14, 2019. Study Bio 142 Ch. but it will contain sensory fibers and autonomic fibers to the vasculature and may also contain fibers supplying the autonomic. Tear production is influenced by parasympathetic fibers in the facial nerve, which activate a ganglion, and ultimately the lacrimal (tear) gland. Key Terms. Sensory input can stimulate either a short or a long reflex. Thus the following description applies to mammals in general, except where specifically noted. (In the gut, reflex activity can take place in autonomic plexuses and. See image 3; Image 1: Shows the Autonomic Ganglia (red SNS, blue PNS) Besides the. Dilator pupillae muscle of the eye. E. , (T/F) Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons. The PNS is composed of the groups of neurons (ganglia) and bundles of axons (nerves) that are outside of the brain and spinal cord. Autonomic ganglia are _____ ganglia which contain _____. Autonomic ganglia contain ________. splanchnic nerves. The cell bodies create long sympathetic chains that are on either side of the spinal cord. The cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) regulates cardiac adaptation to different demands. -both somatic afferent and efferent neurons. Otic Ganglion - Parasympathetic Roots. The ganglia contain postganglionic visceral efferent neurons that receive synaptic input from preganglionic visceral efferent neurons. Thus ganglia can be divided into two types. This neuron releases ACh to a second neuron called a ganglionic neuron that is located in ganglia. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. Page ID. The autonomic motor neurons in the ganglia send efferent fibers (postganglionic autonomic nerve fibers) to innervate cardiac muscle fibers of the heart. Autonomic ganglia, once considered mere relay stations for the transfer of information from the CNS to the periphery, contain circuits capable of integrating and modulating neural. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only A. 1. Autonomic ganglia contain ________. Variations in autonomic tone in. submandibular ganglion. both. The PNS is composed of the groups of neurons (ganglia) and bundles of axons (nerves) that are outside of the brain and spinal cord. The craniosacral division is another name for the. function only during sleep. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and regulates involuntary, visceral body functions in different organ systems (e. Tear production is influenced by parasympathetic fibers in the facial nerve, which activate a ganglion, and ultimately the lacrimal (tear) gland. , List two types of sympathetic ganglia that contain postganglionic cell bodies. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons. Innervating motor neurons may contain neuronal nAChRs at the presynaptic nerve ending to control acetylcholine release. The greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) is formed by branches of the 5 th to 9 th thoracic sympathetic ganglia, the lesser splanchnic nerve (LSN) from 10 th to 11 th thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the least splanchnic nerve from the 12 th thoracic ganglion. Like CNS, but unlike other (non-enteric) autonomic ganglia, these enteric ganglia exclude connective tissue, and contain only neurons and glial (supporting) cells. E) afferent neurons. Of still greater importance, however, are the findings that various autonomic ganglia contain a system of synaptic terminals, which without doubt originate from adrenergic cell bodies. Parasympathetic ganglia tend to lie close to or within the organs or tissues that their neurons innervate, whereas sympathetic ganglia are located at more distant sites from. The autonomic nervous system. The spinal ganglia or posterior or dorsal root ganglia associated with the spinal nerves contain the unipolar neurons of the sensory nerve fibers that carry signals to the. A ganglia is merely a collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The oculomotor fibers initiate pupillary constriction, whereas the facial and glossopharyngeal fibers both initiate salivation. b) axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. The parasympathetic division is a branch of the somatic nervous system. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons d. It operates independently of voluntary control, although certain events, such as stress. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons OB. Ganglia are 20,000 to 30,000 afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along on either side of the spinal cord. Autonomic ganglia contain sensory nerve cells of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous. the cell bodies of motor neurons. Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of autonomic nerves. Ganglia are of two types, sensory or autonomic. As shown below (triple stain), an autonomic ganglion contains multipolar neuron cell bodies with eccentric nuclei (white arrows); axons (green arrows) arise from each cell body. Which of the following is mismatched? parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE. . ANP IN CLASS QUESTIONS. sympathetic origin is craniosacral, parasympathetic is thoroacolumbar. Anatomy and Physiology. The dendrites and the cell bodies of the ganglionic neurons receive synaptic connections from preganglionic fibers. Ganglionic neurons: innervate visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, adipose. B) smooth muscle. once a sympathetic preganglionc axon reaches a trunk ganglion it can?A ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies enveloped in an epineurium continuous with that of a nerve. Autonomic ganglia, which contain the cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system. Find out how ganglia are categorized, such as sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic, and how they are related to the autonomic ganglia that contain the autonomic nervous system. The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are. The dorsal root ganglia contain cell bodies for sensory nerves that carry sensory. Sensory input can stimulate either a short or a long reflex. These fibers synapse with the autonomic ganglia, from which the postganglionic (postsynaptic) fibers convey the sympathetic inputs to the abdominal organs. Abdominal The abdominal aortic plexus is formed by branches derived, on either side, from the celiac plexus and ganglia, and receives filaments from some of the lumbar ganglia. another name for the ANS is the. The sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in regulating many autonomic functions, including cardiac rhythm. - regulates heart beat. True or False? Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to. A deficiency of α3, β2 or β4 subunits leads to multiorgan autonomic dysfunction in experimental animals. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like List the names of the two motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic ganglia contain Select one: a. The oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves contain fibers that contact autonomic ganglia. Page ID. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. The ganglia are surrounded. Ganglia can be categorized, for the most part, as either sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia, referring to their primary functions. In addition to norepinephrine, these vesicles contain smaller amounts of a variety of other biologically-active substances like opioids,. False. What are 3 types of neurons? Functional types of neurons: 1. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons. What is found in autonomic ganglia? The last common neurons that innervate the organs necessary for maintaining homeostasis are found in the autonomic ganglia. Study A&P In Class 20 flashcards. d) All of these choices. Autonomic ganglion typically contain globular-shaped, multipolar neurons, each neuron having several dendrites. Autonomic ganglia are clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites. synapses between postganglionic fibers. Disease processes that affect the sensory ganglia often also damage the autonomic ganglia, so patients with sensory ganglionopathies may also have dysautonomia (e. G- proteins. the cell bodies of motor neurons. Autonomic ganglia are an important site of neural integration and regulation of autonomic reflexes. Ganglia are of two types, sensory or autonomic. the cell bodies of motor neurons Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. Autonomic nervous system functions are regulated by the hypothalamus, which controls autonomic nervous system regions in the ______. Autonomic ganglia: Contain hundreds-thousands of ganglionic neurons. Parasympathetic Nervous System. In most ganglia there are subsets of neurons with. collections of nerve cells called autonomic ganglia. , List two types of sympathetic ganglia that contain post-ganglionic cell bodies. Visceral efferent (VE) pathways that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands involve two neurons and a synapse within an autonomic ganglion. c. The information enters the ganglia, excites the neuron in the ganglia and then exits. The preganglionic neurons carry information from the brain to the target areas, which is called the parasympathetic nervous system. The cell bodies of motor neurons . Pre- and post-ganglionic fibers and targets are depicted. the cell bodies of motor neurons D. Which 2 of the 3 types of autonomic ganglia are associated. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. , orthostatic hypotension. Within pelvic plexuses, autonomic ganglia contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, (predominantly parasympathetic). clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. ; Post-ganglionic. The autonomic. It functions without conscious control. C) the cell bodies of. Oculomotor. B. mal_comp Plus. Nicotine is a clinically important agent that influences activity of the autonomic ganglia. c) axons of autonomic sensory neurons. sympathetic origin is craniosacral, parasympathetic is thoroacolumbar. Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of motor neurons. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons. A). The parasympathetic fibers of the___ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye, the muscles that cause the eye to buldge to accomidate close vision. Ganglia can be thought of as synaptic relay stations between neurons. The parasympathetic division is a branch of the somatic nervous system. travels from the CNS to the ganglion axons are myelinatedEnteric ganglia • Located in submucosal and mesenteric plexus • Receive both parasympathetic (presynaptic) and enteric stimulation • Ganglia are nerve cell body bundles located outside of the CNS • They will have nerve fibers leading to them and from them • Ganglia consist of: 1. The α5 transcript was detected, in addition to autonomic ganglia, in the cerebellum and the thalamus, as well as in nonneuronal tissues (Flora et al. All adrenergic receptors act via ___. There are other drugs that are α-blockers and can affect the sympathetic system in a similar way. but it will contain sensory fibers and autonomic fibers to the vasculature and may also contain fibers supplying the autonomic. Synapses in autonomic ganglia represent the final output of various CNS structures that regulate the function of the periphery. Axons called postganglionic; begin at autonomic ganglia and. Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system? The conduction of impulses through the ANS is quicker than conduction through the somatic motor system. Perrine Juillion. Cranial nerve ganglia contain the cell bodies of cranial nerve neurons. the cell bodies of motor neurons d. The ANS controls. hypothalamus. Learn about the structures and functions of ganglia and nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). ) Postganglionic neuron in autonomic ganglion outside CNS has nonmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to effexor organ (cell bodies in PNS). Sensory trigeminal neurons are also involved in. The parasympathetic division is responsible to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest. Function. True b. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems. Human nervous system - Autonomic, Neurotransmitters, Anatomy: The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the basic visceral processes needed for the maintenance of normal bodily functions. Figure 14. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. cell bodies of the repganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the. They are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. The neurotransmitters used by postganglionic fibers differ. The other division that arises from the central. B) gray rami communicantes. autonomic ganglia: [ gang´gle-on ] (pl. cholinergic: Pertaining to, activated by, producing, or having the same function as acetylcholine. the cell bodies of motor neurons. The preganglionic neurons are located in specific cell groups (also called nuclei) in the brainstem or in the lateral horns of the spinal cord at sacral levels (segments. Which of the following is not one of these three things? a) The axon can emerge from the sympathetic trunk to synapse in. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. - contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons. ; adrenergic: Containing or releasing adrenaline. Autonomic ganglia: Contain hundreds-thousands of ganglionic neurons. It is about 2-3 mm in diameter. Autonomic ganglia contain. 305 Return. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors c. The PNS is composed of the groups of neurons (ganglia) and bundles of axons (nerves) that are outside of the brain and spinal cord. The nervous system can be divided into two functional parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. Most ganglion cells are sensory neurons that collect information from nerves. In ganglia, the primary neuronal nicotinic receptor is found on the postsynaptic site of dendrites and nerve cell body. P. False. A. The nerve cell bodies that relay signals about incoming danger and stress are part of the sympathetic ganglia. g. Visceral Efferent Nuclei contain cell bodies of preganglionic efferent neurons. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG), cranial nerve ganglia, and autonomic ganglia (AG) are the three types of PNS ganglia while the basal ganglia in the brain and retinal ganglion in the retina are the two types of CNS ganglia. The number of functional inputs is small (as few as one) and, although many. On average, unfused lumbar ganglia contain from about 60,000 to 85,000 nerve cell bodies (Webber, 1958). The neurons that originate. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors . A) the cell bodies of motor neurons D) first thoracic B) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons C) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons D) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors Autonomic ganglion neurons also contain a variety of neuropeptides. B) cardiac muscle. Sympathetic Chain Ganglia o Postganglionic fibers innervating structures in thoracic cavity form bundles Sympathetic nerves 16-2 The Sympathetic Division Sympathetic Chain Ganglia o Each sympathetic chain ganglia contains: 3 cervical ganglia 10–12 thoracic ganglia 4–5 lumbar ganglia 4–5 sacral ganglia In brain and spinal cord: preganglioinic, synapse on ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia (autonomic ganglia) 2. In the autonomic nervous system, there are both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia which contain the cell bodies of postganglionic. Nerves are classified as cranial nerves or spinal nerves on the basis of their connection to the brain or spinal cord, respectively. dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera. 3. C. A. Pelvic and bladder ganglia. a) Structurally, the autonomic nervous system consists of two main components: a sensory (input) component and a motor (output) component . Autonomic ganglia contain many ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors Postganglionic fibers—axons of ganglionic neurons. The autonomic ganglia and plexuses are a collection of ganglia where autonomic preganglionic neurons arising from the CNS synapse with postganglionic neurons outside the CNS, i. D). g. , 1996; Hanzawa et al. b. - contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons. read more or spinal cord. Science. In most ganglia there are subsets of neurons with. Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS? thoracic and lumbar. 2)Postganglionic neurons innervate organs of the. A) Sympathetic B) Parasympathetic, Collateral ganglia. What are autonomic ganglia? Autonomic ganglia are a type of ganglia in which there is a group of neurons that will join the nerves that come from the central nervous system with the nerves that come from the organs in the periphery, the latter will be. A) the cell bodies of motor neurons 2. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. A. In the upper medulla, the salivatory nuclei contain neurons with axons that project through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves to ganglia that control salivary glands. These ganglia contain the cell bodies of neurons with axons that are sensory. 34)Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons. Sympathetic = thoracolumbar; Parasympathetic = craniosacral. The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ____. A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which autonomic fiber releases norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter?, Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the, The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by peripheral ganglia near the and more. The cell bodies of postsynaptic autonomic neurons are located in ganglia throughout the body. Contain many ganglionic neurons. An autonomic ganglion is a cluster of nerve cell bodies (a ganglion) in the autonomic nervous system. C. once a sympathetic preganglionc axon reaches a trunk ganglion it can?B). Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems contain many different subtypes of neurons that. Autonomic ganglia are an important site of neural integration and regulation of autonomic reflexes. However, according to more recently published reports, these ganglia contain both efferent parasympathetic and sympathetic neuronal somata and presumably local circuit neurons or interneurons, and these are very densely. Where are autonomic ganglia located? autonomic ganglion. Nerves from the ciliary ganglion innervate the muscles that constrict the pupil, a. The somatic motor division lacks ganglia entirely. cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that extend to effector and innervates via ACh or NE. Ganglia are of two types, sensory or. The 2nd neuron in the AMP; Lies entirely outside the CNS in the PNS. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. The first neuron is called a preganglionic neuron and resides in the brainstem or lateral horns of the spinal cord. , Goridis, C. Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of autonomic nerves. Autonomic ganglion neurons also contain a variety of neuropeptides. The terms “body” and “mass,” being similar to the coccygeal body, suggest that these ganglia are larger in size than most ganglia and are histologically unique, as they contain many non. As would be suggested by the name, nicotine is an agonist of nicotine receptors and is best known as a component of tobacco products and for its role in addiction. and more. lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons B) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors C) the cell bodies of motor neurons D) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons. The sympathetic ganglia also contain interneurons that receive preganglionic synapses and form efferent synapses with some of the principal ganglion cells. The oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves contain fibers that contact autonomic ganglia. , (T/F) Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and. Ganglia embedded in network of autonomic nerves o Preganglionic fibers from lumbar segments Form splanchnic nerves End at inferior mesenteric ganglion 16-2 The Sympathetic Division1. Nicotinic. What are the 3 major Prevertebral ganglia? The celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric ganglia are the major components of the prevertebral ganglia (PVG). This Osmosis High-Yield Note provides an overview of Autonomic Nervous System essentials. Such adrenergic terminals have been found to form synapses with both adrenergic and non-adrenergic, presumably cholinergic, nerve cells. 16) Autonomic ganglia contain _____. ventral root: Also called the anterior root, it is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. [ edit on Wikidata] The sympathetic ganglia, or paravertebral ganglia, are autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. The cardiac plexus is a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia situated at the base of the heart. Autonomic ganglia contain ________. emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the. This chapter describes the properties of preganglionic neurons of the different parasympathetic. The most common type of sensory ganglion is a dorsal (posterior) root ganglion. Select one: a. [1] The autonomic nervous system has a chain of two lower autonomic motor neurons. The nature of these ganglionic neurons i. An. An autonomic nerve pathway involves two nerve cells. the cell bodies of motor neurons. Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic ganglia contain _____. The ANS contains both sensory and motor neurons. general visceral motor system. Anatomical terminology. Other uses for sympatholytic drugs are as antianxiety medications. 35)The craniosacral division is. Despite being macroscopically very distinct from one another, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia use many of the same activation mechanisms. One of the questions is about the location of autonomic ganglia, which are the cell. -synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons. Key Terms. Autonomic ganglia contain cholinergic synapses that either relay the central (preganglionic) signal directly to the target organ or, in other pathways, integrate central and peripheral inputs to provide control of visceral targets. Nervous system breakdown (diagram) The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a functional division of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions of muscles, glands and internal organs (e. On average, unfused lumbar ganglia contain from about 60,000 to 85,000 nerve cell bodies (Webber, 1958). D) postganglionic fibers. The cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) plays a key role for the regulation of cardiac activity with its dysregulation being involved in various heart diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias. b) Autonomic nervous system motor (output) pathways typically contain two motor neurons in series. Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. Microscopic structure: Autonomic ganglia contain the ganglionic neurons, satellite glial cells, and small intensely fluorescent cells.