After learning that the town has no mayor. Teach your students to analyze literature fancy LitCharts does. Key. Instead, because of her identity as a socially liberal Republican, displaying feminist leanings more than anything else, Hurston is often associated with the female, Libertarian writers Rose Wilder Lane and Isabel Paterson. 6. Their Eyes Were Watching God Chapter 9. ”. Checkers. Robbins Character Analysis. The Their Eyes Were Watching God Theme Wheel is a beautiful super helpful visualization of where the themes occur throughout the text. As such, they turn their aggression to Mrs. Teach your students to analyse literature like LitCharts does. Gender Roles and Relations Voice, Language and Storytelling Desire, Love, and Independence Power, Judgment, and Jealousy LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Their Eyes Were. However, when Jody and Janie arrive to Eatonville, Jody purchases more land from Captain Eaton and proves himself more desirous of public control, usurping the. her grandmother. Logan Killicks for the first time. Although the porch sitters grumble. Having been there before, Tea Cake takes charge and establishes them with the job of picking beans before the impending rush of laborers arrive in time for the official harvest season. Hurston writes that they waited to see how nature would determine their fate: “They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God. Their Eyes Were Watching God tells the story of Janie’s passage from repression to spiritual fulfillment as she clashes with the expectations thrust upon her by others. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as. Morrison's prose is infused with black vernacular, and black musical traditions such as the. For some they come in with the tide. the home. Updated on December 27, 2019. Janie feels limited by the repetitive nature of working in the store each day, but is amused by the townspeople's conversations on the porch that she can overhear, even if she is not directly engaged. Students will demonstrate their understanding of the text on four levels: factual, interpretive, critical, and personal. Because it was written in the conservative 1930s, much of this sexuality is masked in metaphor. Instant PDF downloads of all 1803 LitCharts literature guides and of every new one we publish. Zora Neale Hurston. Sam Watson is Pheoby's husband and a frequent participant in the conversations that unfold on the porch of Jody's store in Eatonville. Quotes About Spirituality. >sheltered security. LitCharts Mentor Editions. Throughout the novel, Janie embarks on a journey to find the limits of her personal horizons and expand them. Three marriages to three different men, are events that have changed how she views herself. Chapter 1 Quotes. After the funeral, Janie burns all of the head-rags that Joe forced her to wear. In the first few pages, Janie returns to her hometown of. Analysis. Turner’s brother hadn’t asked about Janie the minute he arrived in the Everglades. Plot Summary. Hezekiah Potts Character Analysis. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Janie is a child when it begins, and she hasn’t yet learned about race or sex or love. Analysis. Janie Crawford's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Among these themes are those bordering on love, desire for freedom, selfhood, and equality - as well as themes on gender roles and racial prejudices. I will be your neighbor, your nurse, your housekeeper. The way the content is organized. The two women visit frequently, and Mrs. To introduce the novel in your class, ask students to brainstorm the kinds of stories they know. Their Eyes Were Watching God ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE TEACHING UNIT OBJECTIVES Their Eyes Were Watching God Objectives By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to: 1. Teach your students to investigate library like LitCharts performs. Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston Response Journal Reflections: A Student Response Journal Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston Printed in the U. Analysis. 2. The highest choose leaders to Their Eyes Were Watching God over the planet, away the creators of SparkNotes. In Palm Beach, Tea Cake encounters white men who force him to work, while Janie encounters black-on-black racism at her trial. Hezekiah also attempts to act with Jody's sense of authority and control over the store after his death, which Janie simply finds amusing, not. Teach your students to examine literature like LitCharts does. Termed as the classic book from the Harlem Renaissance, Their Eyes were Watching God created a niche in the American African literature within the category of American literature. Get the summaries, analysis, and special yours need. I once made a complete fool of myself in front. 3. Janie's first dream was dead, so she became a woman. ”. From the creators of SparkNotes. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Their Eyes Were Watching God, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Get the outlines, analysis, furthermore quotes you need. r 3. Similarly, on the hierarchy of society, Janie and her fellow black women are depicted on the lowest rungs of society. 1 pt. See Important Quotations Explained. Business, Economics, and Finance. Detailed explain, analysis, the quotable info for every. Summary and Analysis Chapter 18. 30 terms. "Thank yuh fuh yo' compliments, but mah wife don't know nothin' 'bout no speech-makin'. Turner, a black woman with a notably awkward posture and gait. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Detailed show, analysis, and citation contact for anyone important quote on LitCharts. This novel is the story of Janie Crawford's search for love, told, as noted earlier, in the form of a frame. During her arranged marriage with Logan Killicks, Janie remarks that the stylish and ambitious Jody Starks shows her a glimpse of the. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The main character, Janie Crawford, embarks on a journey full of conflict, both internal and external, that make her reassess herself and her surroundings. This LearningMedia collection highlights books from The Great American Read that find their way into classrooms and onto summer reading lists. Teach your scholars to analyze literature similar LitCharts does. Fact is it’s de onliest thing God every made. A hard-working farmer with 60 acres of land and a comfortable house, Logan does not have a major part in Janie's story, and yet he is a significant person in the culture. Turner 's sense of racial hierarchy, or Tea Cake's physical strength. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Turner expresses an attitude of bigotry that appalls Janie. When the men torture the animal, the mule fights, but the men only tease him more. Get the abstracts, analysis, and quotes you need. As a result, she feels that she has become a woman. Detailed explanations, analysis, the citation info for per important recite on LitCharts. Turner repeatedly suggests that Janie go out with her brother, who she says is much better than Tea Cake because of his intelligence and lighter skin. (including Their Eyes Were Watching God). This paper discusses Zora Neale Huston’s text Their Eyes Were Watching God as a text that is not a prototypical protest novel of by an African American woman but as a novel whose woman protagonist Janie Crawford defies the allencompassing, one-size-fits all paradigm prescribed for a woman of her racial and cultural background and a clarion call. Moses, Man of the Mountain(1939) – along withTheir Eyes Were Watching God– are not seen as related to the movement. But feminism is often associated with the idea that. Chapter 13 also shows that Janie still feels insecure about being with Tea Cake. Written in only seven weeks while on a Guggenheim Fellowship in Haiti, Zora. Introduction + Context. Detailed comments, review, and citation info by every. When Jody and Janie arrive to the new Florida town called Eatonville, they are surprised to find that it consists of just a dozen decrepit houses and nothing else. Maybe it's some place way off in de ocean where de black man is in. " Get LitCharts A +. This unit integrates and synthesizes the concept of the quest as introduced in early literature such as The Odyssey. ”. For some they come in with the tide. LitCharts Teacher Editions. I find you lonely: I will be your companion—to read to you, to walk with you, to sit with you, to wait on you, to be eyes and hands to you. However, he treats Janie with far more respect and affection. Leafy Crawford. The character of Vergible Woods, also known as Tea Cake, is introduced in Chapter 10. PLUS. In some ways, by not exclusively or predominantly focusing on. Get the summaries, analysis, and quotes they need. Pheoby is the character who listens to Janie tell her story – the body of the novel – and in this way, is the character in the novel who most actively recognizes Janie's. Instant downloads of all 1739 LitChart PDFs (including Their Eyes Were Watching Goddess). Turner repeatedly suggests that Janie go out with her brother, who she says is much better than Tea Cake because of his intelligence and lighter skin. Chapter 4. Zora Neale Hurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama into a large family, the fifth of eight children. Mrs. Zora Neale Hurston. The summary covers the plot, themes, characters, and style of the novel, as well as the author's study guide and questions. The best read guide to Their Eyes Were Watching God on the planet, from the creators of SparkNotes. Through close readings of Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, students will analyze how Hurston creates a unique literary voice by combining folklore, folk language, and traditional literary techniques. a bee pollinating a pear blossom. They gossip about Janie and how Tea Cake was too young for her. Raised by her. Analysis. (including Their Eyes Were Watching God). Turner encourages Janie to meet her. LitCharts Teacher Print. Her recollection of the sad story of Annie Tyler, a woman who is taken advantage of by a younger man, triggers fears. with jody their eyes were watching god study guide sparknotes - Mar 20 2023 web their eyes were watching god is a novel by zora neale hurston that was first published in 1937 summary read our full plot summary and analysis of their eyes were watching god chapter by chapter break downs and more summary analysis chapters 1 2 chapters 3 4Walks her home and says good night. That original body plus a side-by-side modern translation about everybody Shakespeare play. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The best study guide the Their See Were Observe God on the planet, from the creators of SparkNotes. She soon moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida while she was a. Tea Cake is a happy and attractive man, although he is 12 years younger than Janie. After the hurricane, death is all around Palm Beach. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Their Eyes Were Watching God, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Enclosed are the following characters: Janie, illustrated as a young woman, as the wife of Joe Starks, and older Janie. Date of first publication September 1937. Their Eyes Were Watching God focuses its plot both on Janie 's series of romantic relationships as well as on Janie's individual quest for self-fulfillment and spiritual. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. As Janie finds in Tea Cake what she's been looking for, she begins to blossom. Tea Cake joins the fight after he is unable to stop it. Even people from neighboring towns attend his funeral. He knows he can provide for his wife, and he knows that he will be faithful to her. Genre, Language, and Structure. (including Their Eyes Were Observe God). Her journey for a relationship envelops many correlated themes. Instant downloads of all 1748 LitChart PDFs (including Their Eyes Endured Watching God). Mr. are taken on this intimate yet communal journey that is Their Eyes Were Watching God. Married life with Joe Starks seems to get off to a good start as Janie and her husband ride the train to the new town (" a town all outa colored folks ") that he told her about. Analysis. two birds mating. However, in reality, Janie feels free, having burned all of her head-rags and now wearing her hair in a braid below her waist. Get that summaries, analysis, and quotes him need. Chapter 2. Teach your students to analyze letters like LitCharts does. Janie attends Jody 's funeral and pretends to be in mourning in order to convince the townspeople that her love for Jody was authentic. Teach your students to analyze humanities like LitCharts does. , Read the excerpt from Their Eyes Were Watching God. Tons of people show up. Turner. For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by time. He urges her to look at herself in the mirror, where she will see a reflection of a very. The best read guide to Their Eyes Were Seeing God on who planet, from the originator of SparkNotes. Save $2. Her neighbors are curious to know where she has been and what has happened to her. Hezekiah also attempts to act with Jody's sense of authority and control over the store after his death, which Janie simply finds amusing, not. Instant downloads of all 1766 LitChart PDFs (including They Eyes Were Observe God). Hurston's right-wing politics. Joe’s death is an ostentatious affair, with Cadillacs, Buicks, and Lincolns bringing mourners from all over Orange County. A wealthy farmer and land-owner, Logan Killick's is Janie 's first husband. for every book you read. their eyes were watching god study guide litchartsJanie Crawford, the protagonist of the novel, returns home after being away for a very long time. Select all that apply. Theme Viz. They’re all sitting on their porches, watching her return and exchanging nasty gossip born from jealousy of her beauty and. Inspired by the revelation she received as a teenager after watching a blissful union between a bee and flower, Janie elevates marriage and love in her. She experiences different kinds of love throughout her life. (including Their Eyes Were Watching Lord). Dr. From the moment he meets Janie until his death nearly 20 years later, he never doubts his ability to accomplish his goals. Book Summary. Simmons is the white doctor in the muck who tells Janie of Tea Cake's contraction of rabies after the dog bites him during the hurricane. (including Their Eyes Were Seeing Deity). Free from their past in Eatonville, Janie and Tea Cake finally marry. One of the most important works of twentieth-century American literature, Zora Neale Hurston's beloved 1937 classic, Their Eyes Were Watching God, is an enduring Southern love story sparkling with wit, beauty, and heartfelt wisdom. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God - Response Journal Sample PDF Author: Zora Neale Hurston Created Date: 3/23/2004 2:23:08 PM1. Published Apr 13, 2023. Janie acts cautiously and is filled with doubt because of her past disappointments in love. Eatonville is ofSocial Studies. Turner 's infamous brother. Upon observing Janie's bruises, Sop-de-Bottom and other men around the muck express jealousy to Tea. Robbins Character Analysis. Janie's best friend, Pheoby, is angry at the women and leaves their company to take some supper to Janie. The townsfolk, particularly the women, are unfriendly towards her. Jody confidently introduces himself to two town residents – Lee Coker and Amos Hicks – and requests to see the town mayor. Full Book Analysis. The best study guide to Own Eyes Are Watching God on the planet, from that creators of SparkNotes. Literature Notes Their Eyes Were Watching God Chapter 1 Summary and Analysis Chapter 1 Summary The porch sitters are spread out on the front porch of Pheoby and. 1. At this time, Janie becomes friends with her neighbor Mrs. If Joe Starks has one outstanding trait, it is confidence. Readers now can understand Nanny's sincere need to protect Janie from the evils. Chapter 1. When we first and last see Janie, she is alone. Learn about the historical and literary context of the novel, the biography of the author, and the key facts. In lyrical prose influenced by folk tales that the author heard while assembling her anthology of African American folklore Mules and Men (1935), Janie Crawford tells of her threeChapter 4: Summary and Analysis. Pheoby 's husband Sam Watson speculates to his wife that Tea Cake must be using Janie for her money and that he is "draggin' de woman away from church," insinuating that Tea Cake is a. Instantly jealous, Tea Cake preemptively whips Janie in order to make sure she doesn't cheat on him. Get the summaries, analysis, and repeats you need. During the time the outbreak was called the New Negro Movement named by Alan Locke. for every book you read. Their Eyes Were Watching God clip art set by Julie Ridge contains characters, symbols and settings from the novel. Turner’s. Chapter 7 serves as a pivotal point for Janie and her marriage. Through her marriage to Logan, Janie's dream of marriage bringing about love or somehow being equivalent to it is proven wrong. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Full Book Full Book Summary Full Book Analysis Key Facts Literary Devices Themes Symbols Antagonist Setting Genre Style Point of View Tone. One best study guide to Their Eyes What Watching God on the space, from the creators on SparkNotes. Get the summaries, analysis, the quotes you need. The original text plus a side-by-side modern transformation of every Shadow play. LitCharts Teacher Editions. She explains that she never saw her father or her mother. As the harvest season picks up, the muck becomes repopulated with both new and old faces, including Mrs. Teach your students to analyzing literature like LitCharts does. Their Eyes Were Watching God bySupri - AP Lang & Comp - Their Eyes Were Watching God Test. Character Analysis. The mule serves to symbolize Janie and her struggle with Joe. Folklore in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. "Sooo much more helpful than SparkNotes. They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God. Like Paradise, Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, also explores gender relations in an all-Black town in the American South. Summary. 8 | Their Eyes Were Watching God. Author Zora Neale Hurston. They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God. Detailed commentaries, analysis, and quoting info for every important quote on. When Tea Cake visits, he is always welcome. Public Domain. Upon meeting Jody, Janie feels that she catches a glimpse of the horizon. and presented is seamlessly smooth, innovative, and comprehensive. Within a month, Nanny dies. Who better study guide to Their Eyes Were Watching God on the planet, from the creators are SparkNotes. Teach will students go analyze literature like LitCharts does. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Mr. The Pear Tree. Zora Neale Hurston Biographical Information. Novels, including Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), and nonfiction writings of American folklorist Zora Neale Hurston give detailed accounts of African American. Moses, Man of the Mountain(1939) – along withTheir Eyes Were Watching God– are not seen as related to the movement. Janie's coffee-and-cream complexion and her luxurious hair made Mrs. They are astonished to see a bedraggled and weary-looking Janie Starks trudging into town, then turning her face in their direction. Dancehall Reggae . Everything you need. She attempts to set Janie up with her brother, whom Mrs. Chapter 18. The unnamed man – soon revealed to be Tea Cake – enters Janie's life when she is caught off-guard and engaged in her day-to-day life. Summary and Analysis Chapter 5. Chapter 1 Quotes. When Janie and Tea Cake arrive in the Everglades, Janie is overwhelmed by how lush and different the landscape is from anything she's ever seen before. The townsfolk become indignant when Janie, whom they consider to be Mrs. In this chapter, much of the conversation among the porch sitters centers on Matt Bonner's helpless mule. >material advancement. Find more similar flip PDFs like Their Eyes Were Watching God. Publisher's summary. After learning that the town has no mayor. Their Eyes Were Seeing God. The black men living around the muck realize after the "royal" burial Janie gives Tea Cake that they were wrong to abuse her as they did. Mrs. From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes Their Eyes Were Watching God Study Guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays. ”Their Eyes Were Watching God, novel by Zora Neale Hurston, published in 1937. A major character in the novel is, like her father, a popular pastor of a small Baptist church and a man who is attractive to the ladies in the church. Learn more PDF downloads of our modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Pheoby Watson Character Analysis. Janie invokes the symbol of the horizon repeatedly throughout the novel; to Janie, the horizon symbolizes the realm of the possible, that which she can dream about. It is considered her finest book. (including Its Eyes Were Watching God). Instant our of all 1775 LitChart PDFs (including Their Eyes Were Watching Goddess). Her neighbors are curious to know where she has been and what has happened to her. Receive the contents, analysis, and quotes you require. This quote previews of the arc of her character and the plot. ” –Zora Neale Hurston Hurston was born on Jan. Mr. Introduction + Context. Unfortunately, there is still a lot of evidence of gender inequality and women’s oppression in many countries around the world. He also stubbornly refuses to see a medical doctor, preferring instead to seek cures from quacks and charlatans. Janie is both the protagonist and narrator of her story, recounting her life experiences to her friend Pheoby after arriving back to Eatonville at the end point of her journey. Moses, Man of the Mountain(1939) – along withTheir Eyes Were Watching God– are not seen as related to the movement. When Mrs. Joe moves out of their bedroom, and as his illness progresses, he refuses to let Janie take care of him. A summary of Chapters 13–14 in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Turner, a black woman with a notably awkward posture and gait. They sat in company with the others in other shanties, their eyes straining against crude walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His. For others they sail. In the first few pages, Janie returns to her hometown of Eatonville, Florida, after nearly two years absence. Turner is Janie and Tea Cake 's awkward looking and often disrespectful neighbor in the muck, who attempts to befriend Janie and alienates Tea Cake. Turner 's brother by running him out of town. The hurricane symbolizes the all-powerful force of nature, which trumps even the most intense exertions of power by humans, such as Jody 's abusive need for control, or Mrs. (Click the summary infographic to download. Buy Now. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The author also analyzes the impact. Six months back he had told her, “If Ah kin haul de wood heah and chop it fuh yuh, look lak you oughta be able tuh tote it inside. After Tea Cake's death, Dr. This support makes Janie extremely happy. What kind of God are the eyes of Hurston’s characters watching? What crucial. For some they come in with the tide. You could not lonely going behind book stock or library or borrowing from your contacts to retrieve them. Fear about the potential hurricane buzzes through the muck as more Indians continue pass by, and many of the other. Take a quiz about the important details and events in of Their Eyes Were. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Their Eyes Were Watching God and what it means. Janie dislikes the business of running the store but loves that people sit on its porch and talk all day telling colorful, exaggerated stories. It includes additional resources across PBS partners that contextualize the authors and the impact these books have had on specific readers and throughout history. Specifically, Nanny focuses on the importance of upward mobility and financial security for women, especially black women, and sees that goal as attainable only through marriage and the primary. Maybe it's some place way off in de ocean where de black man is in power. Ah always did want tuh git round uh whole heap, but Jody wouldn’t ’low me tuh. Mah fust wife never bothered me ’bout. Although Jody initially flatters Janie by focusing. Geting all the key plot points off Zora Neale Hurston's Their Your Were Watching God on one page. In the first few pages, Janie returns to her hometown of Eatonville, Florida, after nearly two years absence. Their Eyes Were Watching God BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF ZORA NEALE HURSTON Zora Neale Hurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama into a large family, the fifth of eight children. Essentially, his elderliness probably caused his kidneys to stop working properly. Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God explained in just a few minutes! Professor Kristen Over of Northeastern Illinois University provides an in-. Meeting Jody Starks prompts Janie to leave her first husband, Logan Killicks, who she felt treated her as nothing more than an animal. Although Their Eyes Were Watching God revolves around Janie’s relationships with other people, it is first and foremost a story of Janie’s search for spiritual enlightenment and a strong sense of her own identity. Source (s) Their Eyes Were Watching God has a very simple structure. Their Eyes Were Watching God explores traditional gender roles as one of its main themes – specifically the way that stereotypical ideas about relationships. A metaphor, however, is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and. Time makes everything old, so kissing the young darkness has become a monstrous old thing, while Janie is talking. "Honey, de white man is de ruler of everything as fur as Ah been able tuh find out. Download Their Eyes Were Watching God PDF for free. Sitting on the steps of her back porch, Janie tells her story to her friend Pheoby Watson. Try a free sample literature guide. She doesn. After realizing that marriage does not bring. Extensive explanations, analysis, and citation info required one crucial quote switch. Zora Neale Hurston’s 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God recounts the events of Janie Crawford’s life, a Black woman who lives in Florida during the early 1900s. Their Eyes Were Watching God explores traditional gender roles as one of its main themes – specifically the way that stereotypical ideas about relationships between men and women empower men and disempower women. Analysis. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The original text plus adenine side-by-side modern translation of per Shakespeare player. Notably, it was after reading Their Eyes Were Watching God that the prominent African American writer Alice Walker began researching Hurston and discovered that most of her writing was out of print. Geting the overview, analysis, and quotes you need. This video from the American Masters film Zora Neale Hurston: Jump at the Sun examines Zora Neale Hurston and her famous novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Their Eyes Were Watching God and what it means. Notably, it was after reading Their Eyes Were Watching God that the prominent African American writer Alice Walker began researching Hurston and discovered that most of her writing was out of print. Janie projects an outward image of. The way the content is organized. By Eve Dunbar, Associate Professor of English, Vassar College. Chapter 2 Quotes. Disgusted with the work and fearful of the racism around the town (the white corpses get coffins, but the Black corpses are simply dumped in a ditch and covered with quicklime), Tea Cake and Janie decide to leave. Pheoby Watson is Janie 's closest friend in Eatonville, and repeatedly defends Janie against the mean-spirited gossip of the townspeople. Need help with Chapter 7 in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God? Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. Full Book Summary. School our students at analyze humanities like LitCharts done. "Sooo much more helpful than SparkNotes. A comprehensive overview of Zora Neale Hurston's classic novel about a Black woman's quest for love and independence in the Florida Everglades. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Readers learn for the first time about Janie's childhood, her absent mother, and Nanny's life as a slave on a southern plantation. Introduction. Summary. He helps Janie in the store by frying fish, making corn bread, and entertaining customers by playing the guitar. The way the content is organized. ous books, including Their Eyes Were Watching God, Jonah’s Gourd Vine, Mules and Men, and Moses, Man of the Mountain, Hurston had achieved fame and sparked controversy as a novelist, anthropologist, outspoken essayist, lecturer, and theatrical producer during her sixty-nine years.