Adobe aem headless guide. Adobe’s visual style for cloud UIs, designed to provide consistency. Adobe aem headless guide

 
 Adobe’s visual style for cloud UIs, designed to provide consistencyAdobe aem headless guide  A name will be automatically generated based on the title and adjusted according to AEM naming conventions

For publishing from AEM Sites using Edge Delivery Services, click here. This getting started guide assumes knowledge of both AEM and headless technologies. Tutorials by framework. AEM 6. Preventing XSS is given the highest priority during both development and testing. Tests for running tests. We’ll guide you through configuring your React app to connect to AEM Headless APIs using the AEM Headless SDK. AEM Headless Content Author Journey. Please find my responses in bold inline to your queries. Provide a Model Title, Tags, and Description. The Title should be descriptive. They allow you to prepare content ready for use in multiple locations/over multiple channels, ideal for headless delivery. cheers. Tutorials. Accessing and Delivering Content Fragments Headless Quick Start Guide. rejoice in the way things are. This getting started guide assumes knowledge of both AEM and headless technologies. Headless content management is a key development for today’s web design that decouples the frontend, client-side applications from the backend, content management system. /etc/map. For example, when publishing, an editor has to review the content - before a site administrator activates the page. Discover the benefits of going headless and streamline your form creation process today. In the Query input field, enter following string: //element (*, cq:Template) Click Execute. AEM offers powerful tools to manage both the creation of content and its delivery in one platform. In this part of the AEM Headless Content Author Journey, you can learn the (basic) concepts and terminology necessary to understand authoring content when using Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) as a Cloud Service as a Headless CMS. Core Services Extensibility - Extend core application capabilities by extending the default. Enable developers to add automation. The new architecture supporting AEM as a Cloud Service involves some key changes to the overall developer experience. Adobe Experience Manager is a strong contender in the digital market for managing content for companies on a large scale. Select Create > Folder. What is a traditional CMS? This is likely the one you are familiar with. AEM Headless CMS Developer Journey. Adobe Experience Manager projects can be implemented in both headful and headless models, but the choice is not binary. Next. Wanted to understand what are the integration steps for AEM Headless Integration with Adobe Target when using the AEP Web SDK. The DAM Users is an out of the box group in AEM that can be used for “everyday” users that manage digital. AEM Forms Headless Adaptive Forms provide a fast and efficient way to create forms for various platforms including Headless or Headful CMS, React applications, Single Page Applications (SPA), Web Apps, Mobile apps, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, WhatsApp, and more. 5 with the hope of using the WYSIWYG content editing to quickly produce and release content decoupled from. js-based SDK that allows the creation of React components, that support in-context component editing using AEM SPA Editor. App Builder provides a way for customers to easily extend Adobe Experience Manager in various use cases: Middleware Extensibility - Connect external systems with Adobe applications building custom connectors or use a suite of pre-built integrations. Adobe Creative Cloud provides creative teams with an ecosystem of solutions and services to help them. This is a. Assets. Dynamic Media is now part of AEM Assets and works the same way. The framework makes use of tokens to guarantee that the client request is legitimate. Content Fragments in Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) provide a structured approach to managing content. The Assets console lets you import and manage digital assets such as images, videos, documents, and audio files. The following Documentation Journeys are available for headless topics. This has several advantages: Page Templates allow specialized authors to create and edit templates . 5 Forms with our step-by-step guide. With Headless Adaptive Forms, you can streamline the process of. A Common Case for Headless Content on AEM Let’s set the stage with an example. The following Documentation Journeys are available for headless topics. bat start. How to create. Headful and Headless in AEM Overview. AEM lets you have a responsive layout for your pages by using the Layout Container component. The onboarding journey is written specifically for the system administrator of customer’s new to AEM as a Cloud Service and to AEM in general. Time; Headless Developer Journey: For developers new to AEM and headless technologies, start here for a comprehensive introduction to AEM and its headless features from the theory of headless through going live with your first headless project. The Name will become the node name in the repository. Option 2: Share component states by using a state library such as NgRx. Here you can specify: Name: name of the endpoint; you can enter any text. This feature enables organizations to create, publish, and manage interactive forms that can be accessed and interacted with through APIs, rather than. Moving to AEM as a Cloud Service: Understand the transition journey to Cloud Service. : Guide: Developers new to AEM and. Start building dynamic, responsive forms that work seamlessly across devices with Adobe Experience Manager Headless Adaptive. Learn to use modern front-end tools, like the Angular's CLI tool, to rapidly develop the SPA against the AEM JSON model API. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Assets is a digital asset management tool on AEM Platform that allows users to create, manage, and share their digital assets (images, videos, documents, and audio clips) in a web-based repository. You can review the notable changes introduced and understand what it takes to plan for a successful migration to the cloud. This pom. This is achieved using Content Fragments, together with the AEM GraphQL API (a customized implementation, based on standard GraphQL), to. from other headless solution to AEM as headLearn how to create and publish a headless form using Adobe Experience Manager's adaptive forms in this step-by-step guide. Frame Alert. Understand how the source code for a Single Page Application (SPA) written in Angular can be integrated with an Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Project. On this page. CIF add-on is available for AEM 6. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) is the leading experience management platform. What’s new. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) is a comprehensive content management solution for building websites, mobile apps, and forms. Learn how AEM can go beyond a pure headless use case, with options for in-context authoring and experience management. For the purposes of this getting started guide, we only need to create one configuration. By default, the starter kit uses Adobe’s Spectrum components. Define the structure of the content you will create and serve using AEM's headless capabilities by using Content Fragment Models. GraphiQL is included in all environments of AEM (but will only be accessible/visible when you configure your endpoints). In the React import, add. Getting Started with the AEM SPA Editor and React. Headless Developer Journey: Explore this guided journey through the powerful and flexible headless features of AEM to prepare for your first headless project. supports headless CMS scenarios where external client applications render experiences using content managed in AEM. e. First, we’ll guide you through enabling Content Fragments in AEM, covering necessary configurations and settings for seamless integration. By deploying the AEM Archetype 41 or later based project to your AEM 6. Name the model Hero and click Create. The Assets REST API allows you to create and modify Content Fragments (and other assets). Log into AEM and from the main menu select Tools -> Assets -> Content Fragment Models. Confirm and your site is adapted. Workflow Best Practices. Using a REST API. Navigate to Tools, General, then select GraphQL. This is the same framework used to translate other AEM content, such as Pages, Experience Fragments, Assets, and Forms. Select Create. ; Know the prerequisites for using AEM's headless features. Teams can easily create responsive, personalized experiences across every customer touchpoint including single-page apps, mobile apps, IoT, and more. This guide leads you through the most headless implementation topics in AEM so that on completion you:. AEM offers an out of the box integration with Experience Platform Launch. These samples are given in Java™ properties style notation. DAM Users “DAM”, in this context, stands for Digital Asset Management. This journey assumes the reader has experience translating. Start building dynamic, responsive forms that work seamlessly across devices with Adobe Experience Manager Headless Adaptive Forms. Connectors User Guide This guide describes how to create, manage, publish, and update digital forms. Add this. A modern content delivery API is key for efficiency and performance of Javascript-based frontend applications. Ensure you adjust them to align to the requirements of your. Last update: 2023-06-23. AEM Headless CMS Developer Journey. NOTE. Developer. Implementing Applications for AEM as a Cloud Service; Using. Changes in AEM as a Cloud Service. Select the Content Fragment Model and select Properties form the top action bar. Navigate to the folder you created previously. Therefore if you are new to headless in AEM, Adobe recommends that you start at the beginning and progress sequentially. Ensure only the components which we’ve provided SPA. The list is displayed in the result box. If you are new to either AEM or headless, see Adobe’s Headless Documentation Journeys for an end-to-end introduction to both headless and how AEM supports it. With this quick start guide, learn the essentials of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) 6. For the purposes of this getting started guide, we only need to create one folder. Adobe Experience Manager as a Cloud Service’s Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) facilitates non-AEM web properties to make browser-based client-side calls to AEM’s GraphQL APIs, and other AEM Headless resources. Documentation AEM 6. You can review the session dedicated to the query builder for an overview and use of the tool. Publish. The focus lies on using AEM to deliver and manage (un. . These are defined by information architects in the AEM Content Fragment Model editor. Select to select assets that you want to include in your Carousel Set. AEM Assets add-on for Adobe Express; Integration with Creative Cloud. Discover the benefits of going headless and streamline your form creation process today. Now that you have read the article AEM as a Cloud Service Terminology and understand the basics of AEMaaCS structure, you are ready to log into the Admin Console for the first time!. Tap or click the folder that was made by creating your configuration. Custom registration code can be written that takes, minimally, the end user’s username and password, and creates a user record in AEM which can then be used to authenticate against during login. Created for: Beginner. 1. Adobe Experience Manager Assets developer use cases, APIs, and reference material. Once uploaded, it appears in the list of available templates. Let’s set it to use Google’s Material UI: Ensure that the starter kit is not running. Headless CMS Developers and business users have the freedom to create and deliver content using headless or headful models out of the box, letting them structure and. Adobe Experience Manager Forms as a Cloud Service offers a cloud-native, Platform as a Service (PaaS) solution for businesses to create, manage, publish, and update complex digital forms while integrating submitted data with back-end processes, business rules, and saving data in an external. js. Guide: Developers new to AEM and headless: 1 hour: Headless Setup: For experienced AEM users who need a short summary of the key AEM. Content Fragment Models define the elements (or fields) that define what content the Content Fragment may capture and expose. A Content author uses the AEM Author service to create, edit, and manage content. Adobe Commerce, previously known as Magento Commerce is a widely used commerce platform. 2. If you are new to either AEM or headless, see Adobe’s Headless Documentation Journeys for an end-to-end introduction to both headless and how AEM supports it. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. Last update: 2023-09-26. Implementing User Guide: Understand how to build and customize experiences using AEM’s powerful features by exploring these development and deployment topics. Click Create and Content Fragment and select the Teaser model. Components are at the core of building an experience in AEM. Prerequisites. Accessing and Delivering Content Fragments Headless Quick Start Guide. 5 works best on Windows. js (JavaScript) AEM Headless SDK for Java™. When using an out-of-the-box implementation, the process described above should be sufficient to generate the Target Offer from the Experience Fragment and then. The creation of a Content Fragment is presented as a wizard in two steps. For Java and WebDriver, use the sample code from the AEM Test Samples repository. Experience LeagueI checked the Adobe documentation, including the link you provided. 5 in five steps for users who are already familiar with AEM and headless technology. This guide provides an overview of Experience Manager as a Cloud service, including an introduction, terminology, and architecture. Intuitive WISYWIG interface . Build a React JS app using GraphQL in a pure headless scenario. AEM and Headless. Headless CMS with AEM: A Complete Guide You might have already heard about Headless CMS and you may be wondering if you should go “all-in” with this new model. Deliver omnichannel content across many different "surfaces" including web, mobile app and desktop app. Authoring Basics for Headless with AEM. The React app should contain one instance of the <Page> component exported from @adobe/aem-react-editable-components. After the folder is created, select the folder and open its Properties. On the Tests panel, tap or click either the Run all tests button or the Run tests button below the title of the Test Suite that you want to run. Created for: Beginner. An introduction to the headless features of Adobe Experience Manager, and how to author content for your project. # Article Description; 0: AEM Headless Developer Journey: This document: 1:Get to know how to organize your headless content and how AEM’s translation tools work. From the Component browser panel, drag-drop the Adaptive Forms - Embed (v2) component on the page. The article contains recommendations, reference materials, and resources for developers of Assets as a Cloud Service. Created for: Beginner. Link to Non-frame version. These are defined by information architects in the AEM Content Fragment Model editor. AEM prompts you to confirm with an overview of the changes that will made. Granite UI. In the Comment box, type a translation hint for the translator if necessary. Workflows enable you to automate Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) activities. Each guide builds on the previous, so it is recommended to explore them thoroughly and in order. Import the. A “headless” CMS is a content management system that lets you take content from a CMS and deliver it to any front end using any framework of choice. of the application. This architecture allows frontend teams to develop their frontends independently from. Last update: 2023-07-23 Topics: Adaptive Forms Created for: Beginner Intermediate Admin Developer A Headless adaptive form is essentially a JSON structure (schema). A collection of Headless CMS tutorials for Adobe Experience Manager. Here you can specify: Name: name of the endpoint; you can enter any text. Consider which countries share languages. For an end-to-end example of building your own single-page application that is editable with AEM starting with project setup through application routing, see the WKND SPA Tutorials: Getting Started with the AEM SPA Editor and Angular. Learn about the concepts and mechanics of authoring content for your Headless CMS using Content. AEM Headless Translation Journey - This documentation journey gives you a broad understanding of headless technology, how AEM serves headless content, and how you can translate it. Connectors. In this tutorial, we’ll guide you through the process of creating a dynamic and interactive web application by combining the power of React, Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Headless APIs, and GraphQL. They can be used by developers to provide website business users, editors, and administrators with the functionality to adapt their websites to changing business needs (content agility). A modern content delivery API is key for efficiency and performance of Javascript-based frontend applications. 2. The following steps are typically used to construct this registration mechanism: Display a custom AEM component that collects registration info. Objective. 28 or. e. Define the trigger that will start the pipeline. Last update: 2023-04-03 Topics: Content Fragments APIs Created for: Beginner Developer AEM’s Content Services leverages traditional AEM Pages to compose headless REST. 5 Forms environment, set up an AEM Archetype 41 or later based project and deploy it to all of your Author and Publish instances. Use GraphQL schema provided by: use the drop-down list to select the required configuration. AEM as a Cloud Service offers several types of advanced networking capabilities, which can be configured by customers using Cloud Manager APIs. AEM Content Fragments work together with the AEM GraphQL API (a customized implementation, based on standard GraphQL), to deliver structured content for use in your applications. Content Fragments and Experience Fragments are different features within AEM:. This guide explains the concepts of authoring in AEM. Optimized images with AEM Headless. AEM Headless Content Author Journey - Overview; Authoring for Headless with AEM - An Introduction; Authoring Basics for Headless with AEM; Learn about using references in Content Fragments; Learn about defining Metadata and Tagging for Content Fragments; Implementing. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. As a result, I found that if I want to use Next. This means you can realize. In this tutorial, we’ll guide you through the process of creating a dynamic and interactive web application by combining the power of React, Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Headless APIs, and GraphQL. ; The Content Fragment is an instance of a Content Fragment Model that represents a logical. This security vulnerability can be exploited by malicious web users to bypass access controls. Also, AEM Forms running on 6. In previous releases, a package was needed to install the GraphiQL IDE. The following configurations are examples. Discover the benefits of going headless and streamline your form creation process today. For the purposes of this getting started guide, you are creating only one model. 5 Forms instances, you gain the ability to create Core Components based Adaptive. Objective. js v18; Git; 1. This user guide contains videos and tutorials on the many features and capabilities of AEM Assets. Discover the benefits of going headless and streamline your form creation process today. Time; Headless Developer Journey: For users new to AEM and headless technologies, start here for a comprehensive introduction to AEM and its headless features from the theory of headless through going live with your first headless project. In this part of the onboarding journey, you learn about the preparation necessary before you can log into the system for the first time. Microsoft® Visual C++ 2019 (VC 14. You can drill down into a test to see the detailed results. To determine the correct approach for managing. Authoring for AEM Headless - An Introduction. Headless Developer Journey; Headless Content Architect Journey; Headless Content Author Journey Accessing and Delivering Content Fragments Headless Quick Start Guide by Adobe Abstract Learn how to use AEM’s Assets REST API to manage Content Fragments and the GraphQL API for headless delivery of Content Fragment content. The following are examples of possible approaches for constructing URLs for AEM GraphQL API and image requests, for several popular headless frameworks and platforms. Welcome to a multi-part tutorial designed for developers new to the SPA Editor feature in Adobe Experience Manager (AEM). Install the AEM SDK, add sample content and deploy an application that consumes content from AEM using its GraphQL APIs. This guide covers how to build out your AEM instance. To use them with the Java™ API, use a Java™. This journey provides you with all the information you need to develop. It includes new asset upload module, API reference, and information about the support provided in post-processing workflows. My requirement is the opposite i. Learn how to create and publish a headless form using Adobe Experience Manager's adaptive forms in this step-by-step guide. Headless Developer Journey: Explore this guided journey through the powerful and flexible headless features of AEM to prepare for your first headless project. Readiness Phase. I was going thru Adobe blogs and feel just the vice versa of this topic is achievable i. Classic CIF with its. Assets Insights functionality lets you track user ratings and usage statistics of images that are used in third-party websites, marketing campaigns, and Adobe’s creative solutions. I am not able to understand how the Template is designed. As Type, select XPath. The latest version of AEM and AEM WCM Core Components is always recommended. Audience: Beginner; Objective: Introduce the basics of. apache. e. Developer tools. If you are new to either AEM or headless, see Adobe’s Headless Documentation Journeys for an end-to-end introduction to both headless and how AEM supports it. Tutorials. This setup uses the AEM as a Cloud Service SDK to explore AEM’s GraphQL APIs. Set up headless content delivery and management in AEM by Jeremy Lanssiers Overview We set up headless content delivery and headless content management by using AEM’s GraphQL to deliver and Assets API to manage content (via Content Fragments). Since various solutions are used and there are several layers of monitoring, this page is organized into three sections:This guide uses the AEM as a Cloud Service SDK. My requirement is the opposite i. What you need is a way to target specific content, select what you need and return it to your app for further processing. Adobe Experience Manager headless CMS is the most flexible content management system that helps teams quickly build and deliver customer experiences across all channels and devices. Log in to AEM Author service as an Administrator. 5 Forms instances, you gain the ability to create Core Components based Adaptive. Authoring for AEM Headless as a Cloud Service - An Introduction. Tap or click Create -> Content Fragment. Throughout this tutorial, we will guide you. Import the AEMHeadless SDK. In Experience Manager, select the Experience Manager logo to access the global navigation console, then go to Tools > Assets > Image Presets. AEM Headless Content Author Journey - Overview; Authoring for Headless with AEM - An Introduction; Authoring Basics for Headless with AEM; Learn about using references in Content Fragments; Learn about defining Metadata and Tagging for Content Fragments; Implementing. This grid can rearrange the layout according to the device/window size and format. GraphQL is used in two (separate) scenarios in Adobe Experience Manager (AEM): AEM Commerce consumes data from a Commerce platform via GraphQL. This setup establishes a reusable communication channel between your React app and AEM. AEM as a Cloud Service lets you capitalize on the AEM applications in a cloud-native way, so that you can: Scale your DevOps efforts with Cloud Manager: CI/CD framework, autoscaling, API connectivity, flexible deployment modes, code quality gates, service delivery transparency, and guided updates. 5; AEM Forms Package; Forms Designer (Windows only to create the XDP Templates/Fragments) Adobe Sign Developer. Be aware of AEM’s headless integration levels. Select Reinstall. Understand the steps to implement headless in AEM. React is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, known for its simplicity, reusability, and component-based architecture. Learn about headless technologies, what they bring to the user experience, how AEM supports headless models, and how to implement your own headless development project from A to Z. In the previous document of the AEM headless journey, Getting Started with AEM Headless as a Cloud Service you learned the basic theory of what a headless CMS is and you should now: ; Understand the basics of AEM's headless features. Learn about the concepts and. Option 1: Centralize the logic and broadcast to the necessary components for example, by using a util class as a pure object-oriented solution. Content Models are structured representation of content. Overview. Documentation AEM as a Cloud Service User Guide How to download and install Forms Designer to create Document of Record templates?. Select the Asset Download email notifications checkbox and click Accept. This means your content can reach a wide range of devices, in a wide range of formats and with a. As a. By adding the Adobe Target extension to Experience Platform Launch, you can use the features of Adobe Target on AEM web pages. Learn about the concepts and mechanics of authoring content for your Headless CMS using Content Fragments. This document provides and overview of the different models and describes the levels of SPA integration. Browse the following tutorials based on the technology used. AEM Headless Content Author Journey - Overview; Authoring for Headless with AEM - An Introduction; Authoring Basics for Headless with AEM; Learn about using references in Content Fragments; Learn about defining Metadata and Tagging for Content Fragments; Implementing. resolver. . Provide a Title for your configuration. Authoring Basics for Headless with AEM. Guide: Architects: 1 hour: Headless Authoring Journey: For business users new to AEM and headless technologies, start here for an introduction to the powerful, and flexible, headless features of Adobe Experience Manager as a Cloud Service, and how to model content for your project. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) as a Cloud Service is the latest offering of the AEM product line, helping you continue to provide your customers with personalized, content-led experiences. This guide focuses on the full headless implementation model of AEM. Selected assets have a check mark icon over them. We’ll guide you through configuring your React app to connect to AEM Headless APIs using the AEM Headless SDK. Select Create at the top-right of the screen and from the drop-down menu select Site from template. The Headless Getting Started Guides lay out a simple path for creating, managing, and delivering experiences using Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) 6. The Story So Far. Content Fragments used in AEM Headless content modeling, often reference image assets intended for display in the. The component is used in conjunction with the Layout mode, which lets. supports headless CMS scenarios where external client applications render experiences using content managed in AEM. Tap the Technical Accounts tab. There are two types of updates, feature releases and maintenance releases: Feature releases are done with a predictable monthly frequency and are focused on new capabilities and product innovations. Learn how to create and publish a headless form using Adobe Experience Manager's adaptive forms in this step-by-step guide. What are GraphQL and Assets. Learn about the concepts and mechanics of authoring content for your Headless CMS using Content Fragments. An introduction to the headless features of Adobe Experience Manager as a Cloud Service, and how to author content for your project. Enable developers to add automation. The three tabs are: Components for viewing structure and performance information. This guide covers how to build out your AEM instance. Option 1: Centralize the logic and broadcast to the necessary components for example by using a util class as a pure object-oriented solution. In this phase of the AEM as a Cloud Service Migration Journey, you familiarize yourself with AEM as a Cloud Service. As an industry leader in digital experience management, Adobe realizes that the ideal solution to real-world challenges that experience creators face is rarely a binary choice. The AEM Headless SDK is set of libraries that can be used by clients to quickly and easily interact with AEM Headless APIs over HTTP. This pom. Objective. An OSGi configuration for the Referrer Filter is needed to enable access to the GraphQL endpoint for headless applications over HTTP POST. The template defines the structure of the resultant page, any initial content and the components that can be used (design properties). Integration with Adobe Express. Adobe Experience Manager Assets keeps metadata for every asset. This user guide contains videos and tutorials helping you maximize your value from AEM. Adobe Experience Manager is a strong contender in the digital market for managing content for companies on a large scale. Tutorials by framework. Virtual Event - AEM GEMs feature two of our customers presenting a technical deep dive session on the usage of AEM as Headless. The diagram above depicts this common deployment pattern. You have learned the basics of Headless CMS Authoring, with an introduction to authoring with AEMaaCS and in. This article builds on these so you understand how to create your own Content Fragment. This journey lays out the requirements, steps, and approach to translate headless content in AEM. Learn how to use the prerelease channel to get a preview of upcoming features to AEM as a Cloud Service. Join us at Adobe Developers Live on May 23 for a day filled with insights on composable experiences in Adobe Experience Manager. AEM 6. JcrResourceResolverFactoryImpl) the property Mapping Location ( resource. For the purposes of this getting started guide, we only need to create one configuration. e. Getting Started with AEM Headless - GraphQL by Adobe Abstract Video. Learn about using references in Content Fragments The Story so Far. AEM Content Fragments work together with the AEM GraphQL API (a customized implementation, based on standard GraphQL), to deliver structured content for use in. A name will be automatically generated based on the title and adjusted according to AEM naming conventions. Using the AEM JSON exporter, you can deliver the contents of any AEM page in JSON data model format. Clients can send an HTTP GET request with the query name to execute it. This setup establishes a reusable communication channel between your React app and AEM. For example, a URL such as:Navigate to Tools > Cloud Services > Adobe Acrobat Sign and open the configuration container you created in the previous step. the preview, and the publish tiers. For Java and WebDriver, use the sample code from the AEM Test Samples repository. Last update: 2023-11-06. Best Practices Guide for AEM Screens Projects; AEM Content and Commerce Understand how to use and administer AEM Content and Commerce. Objective. Implementing Applications for AEM as a Cloud Service; Using. Learn how to enable headless adaptive forms on AEM 6. sling.